Ethiopian History Grade 10: Capitalism & Colonialism

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism, as discussed in the context of 19th-century Europe?

  • The Industrial Revolution hindered the growth of capitalism by creating a dependence on manual labor.
  • The Industrial Revolution and capitalism developed independently of each other, with minimal impact on one another.
  • The Industrial Revolution fueled the expansion of capitalism through new technologies and the factory system. (correct)
  • The Industrial Revolution was a direct consequence of established capitalist systems.

Which of the following leaders was most influential in unifying Germany during the 19th century?

  • Giuseppe Mazzini
  • Giuseppe Garibaldi
  • Otto von Bismarck (correct)
  • Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

What was the primary goal of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regarding the Scramble for Africa?

  • To promote African independence and self-governance.
  • To establish a peaceful process for resolving disputes between African states.
  • To establish rules for European powers to divide and colonize Africa, minimizing conflict among themselves. (correct)
  • To fairly distribute resources and wealth among African nations.

How did the Battle of Adwa impact European colonial ambitions in Africa?

<p>It emboldened other African resistance movements against European colonialism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes Menelik II's approach to modernization in Ethiopia?

<p>Selective adoption of Western technologies and administrative practices while maintaining Ethiopian independence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Russian Revolution on the global political landscape?

<p>It inspired communist and socialist movements worldwide, challenging existing power structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression of the 1930s contribute to the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe?

<p>It created widespread economic hardship and social unrest, which totalitarian leaders exploited to gain power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main principle behind the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War?

<p>To maintain neutrality and independence from the ideological and military blocs of the USA and the USSR. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key difference between 'Direct Rule' and 'Indirect Rule' as colonial policies implemented in Africa?

<p>Direct Rule involved the direct administration of colonies by European officials, while Indirect Rule utilized local African rulers and institutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the 1955 Constitution of Ethiopia impact the reign of Haile Selassie I?

<p>It formalized the Emperor's authority while introducing some modern elements, like a parliament, which remained largely subordinate to the Emperor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Ethio-Somalia War (Ogaden War) in the late 1970s?

<p>It significantly weakened the Derg regime in Ethiopia and contributed to its eventual downfall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization played a key role in mediating conflicts and promoting cooperation among African states after independence?

<p>The Organization of African Unity (OAU) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Derg regime in Ethiopia?

<p>A socialist military junta that implemented radical land reforms and nationalizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining feature of Ethiopia's transition period after the fall of the Derg regime in 1991?

<p>The establishment of a multi-ethnic federal system and the adoption of a new constitution in 1995. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the preservation of Ethiopia's indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage considered important for future development?

<p>It offers unique solutions to local problems and fosters a sense of national identity and continuity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capitalism

A socio-economic system where private individuals or companies own the means of production and operate for profit.

Nationalism

A feeling of pride and devotion to one's nation, often accompanied by a desire for self-determination.

Industrial Revolution

The shift from handmade goods to machine-made goods, starting in Britain in the late 1700s.

Factory System

A system of production centered around large-scale manufacturing using machinery and a division of labor.

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Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi

Key figures who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy.

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Bismarck

Key figure who played a crucial role in the unification of Germany.

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American Civil War

The conflict in the United States (1861-1865) primarily over the issue of slavery and states' rights.

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Scramble for Africa

The process by which European powers divided and colonized Africa in the late 19th century.

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Berlin Conference

A meeting of European powers in 1884-1885 that formalized the rules for the division of Africa.

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Colonial Policies

Forms of colonial administration: Direct Rule, Indirect Rule, and Settler Rule.

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Tewodros II, Yohannes IV, and Menelik II

Ethiopian leaders who resisted external aggressions and contributed to the growth of the modern Ethiopian state.

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Territorial Expansion (Menelik II)

Menelik II's expansion of Ethiopia through military campaigns and diplomacy.

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Battle of Adwa

Ethiopia's victory against Italy in 1896, a symbol of African resistance to colonialism.

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World War I

Global conflict from 1914-1918 involving major world powers.

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League of Nations

Agreement intended to foster cooperation between nations, ultimately proved ineffective in preventing WWII.

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Study Notes

  • "A Journey Through Ethiopian History" podcast explores Ethiopia's history based on the Grade 10 history textbook.
  • The podcast covers centuries of Ethiopian change, conflict, and progress.

Unit 1: Development of Capitalism and Nationalism (1815-1914)

  • This unit examines the rise of capitalism, fueled by the Industrial Revolution.
  • The unit also examines the force of nationalism that shaped Europe.
  • This unit explores the features of capitalism, including the factory system and the rise of new socio-economic classes.
  • The unification of Italy and Germany and its global impact will be investigated.
  • Key figures in the unification of Italy and Germany include Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi, and Bismarck.
  • The American Civil War, a pivotal moment in the fight against slavery, will be explored.

Unit 2: Africa & the Colonial Experience (1880s -1960s)

  • This unit explores the Scramble for Africa and the Berlin Conference.
  • The unit discusses the devastating impacts of colonial rule.
  • Stories of African resistance against European domination will be told using examples like Ahmadu Seku and Samori Ture.
  • Different colonial policies will be examined, including Direct Rule, Indirect Rule, and Settler Rule.
  • The lasting legacies of colonial policies will be assessed.

Unit 3: Social, Economic & Political Developments in Ethiopia (mid-19th century to 1941)

  • The focus shifts to Ethiopia, examining long-distance trade routes.
  • The rise of cottage industries in Ethiopia is discussed.
  • The emergence of the modern Ethiopian state under Tewodros II, Yohannes IV, and Menelik II is explored.
  • Menelik's territorial expansion and modernization efforts are examined.
  • External aggressions, including the Battle of Adwa and the victory against Italian colonialism are highlighted.

Unit 4: Society and Politics in the Age of World Wars (1914-1945)

  • This unit examines the causes and consequences of both World Wars.
  • The Russian Revolution, the League of Nations, and the Great Depression will be discussed.
  • The rise of totalitarian regimes (Fascism, Nazism, and Japanese Militarism) will be examined.

Unit 5: Global and Regional Developments Since 1945

  • The post-war world order is examined, including the formation of the United Nations.
  • The rise of the USA and the USSR as superpowers and the tensions of the Cold War are discussed.
  • Post-war situations in Asia (Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam) and the Non-Aligned Movement are explored.
  • The Arab-Israeli conflict and the collapse of the Soviet Union will be discussed.

Unit 6: Ethiopia: Internal Developments and External Influences from 1941 to 1991

  • The post-liberation era under Haile Selassie I is analyzed.
  • Administrative reforms and the 1955 Constitution are discussed.
  • Growing opposition movements are examined.
  • The Ethiopian Revolution, the Derg regime, the Ethio-Somalia War, and the Eritrean question are discussed.
  • The eventual fall of the Derg is covered.

Unit 7: Africa Since 1960

  • The rise of independent states across Africa is traced.
  • The struggles for economic independence are examined.
  • The formation and impact of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) are discussed.
  • Persistent challenges facing contemporary Africa are highlighted.

Unit 8: Post-1991 Developments in Ethiopia

  • The Transitional Government and the 1995 Constitution are explored.
  • Ongoing hydro-political issues surrounding the Nile Basin are discussed.

Unit 9: Indigenous Knowledge and Heritages of Ethiopia

  • The rich tapestry of Ethiopia's indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage is celebrated.
  • The importance of preserving indigenous knowledge for future generations is emphasized.

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