World History Chapter: Causes of World War I
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Questions and Answers

What major event is often considered the immediate cause of World War I?

  • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (correct)
  • Germany's invasion of Belgium
  • The signing of the Triple Alliance
  • The Balkan Wars

Which alliance was formed in response to the Triple Alliance?

  • The Quadruple Coalition
  • The Triple Entente (correct)
  • The Central Powers
  • The League of Nations

What was the period of 'Armed Peace' characterized by?

  • A complete disarmament among European powers
  • A period of absolute peace and cooperation
  • An arms race and increased militarism (correct)
  • A decrease in colonial aspirations

Which countries formed the Triple Alliance in 1882?

<p>Austria, Italy, and Germany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand affect Europe?

<p>It triggered a series of alliances and declarations of war among European powers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did nationalism play leading up to World War I?

<p>It fueled desire for colonial expansion and rivalry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was seen as the leading military force prior to World War I?

<p>Germany (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a result of the Austro-Prussian War?

<p>The establishment of a Hungarian state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor contributing to the Russian Empire's inability to modernize before the Crimean War?

<p>A feudal agrarian economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on August 1st, 1914?

<p>Russia mobilized its troops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reform was initiated by Tsar Alexander II in response to Russia's social and political issues?

<p>Emancipation of the serfs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Monroe Doctrine influence U.S. relations with European powers?

<p>It aimed to exclude European influence from the Americas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of the Second Industrial Revolution for the United States by 1914?

<p>Transformation into a world power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event in Japan marked the beginning of significant political changes in 1868?

<p>The Meiji Restoration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Ottoman Empire's state leading to the losses in the Balkans?

<p>A weakened and fragmented state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the situation of the Russian nobility during the Tsarist period?

<p>The nobility held control over serfs and resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?

<p>Implementation of a parliamentary system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did militarism impact European countries in the early 20th century?

<p>It created urgency and competition among military powers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the largest active army in 1914?

<p>Russia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief regarding the size of a country's army during the militarization period?

<p>A country's size would discourage potential attacks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary factor influencing the growth of armies in Europe in the early 20th century?

<p>A system of mandatory conscription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage increase did iron and steel production in the US see from 1890 to 1913?

<p>242% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes industrial growth across great powers?

<p>The US outperformed Britain in industrial growth rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the industrial revolution have on the First World War?

<p>It defined the war as the first total war in the 20th century. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Conference of Algeciras in 1906?

<p>France and Spain were assigned a protectorate over Morocco. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Germany respond to the French intervention in Morocco during the Agadir Crisis?

<p>Germany sent a warship to Agadir to gain leverage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Austria-Hungary's actions in the Balkans during the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

<p>To expand south due to Serbia's hostile position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Balkan League formed in 1912?

<p>To defeat the Ottoman Empire and gain independence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event in 1908 significantly escalated tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

<p>The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The indecisive support from major powers for Serbia after the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in what?

<p>A compromise that diminished Serbian aspirations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the conflict between Serbia and Bulgaria in 1913 after the division of Ottoman territories?

<p>Serbia won, increasing Russian influence in the Balkans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Agadir Crisis contributed to which overarching theme in European politics at the time?

<p>The increasing isolation of Germany in diplomatic relations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the German plan against France?

<p>To conquer France quickly in 41 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption did the French Plan XVII make about the German invasion?

<p>It would concentrate in the southeast of France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Austria-Hungary's motivations for declaring war?

<p>To counter the threat of Serbian nationalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed to Austria-Hungary's confidence in starting a war?

<p>Perception of a swift military victory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Austro-Hungarian Empire view the ultimatum delivered to Serbia?

<p>As a tool to provoke a war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in Austria-Hungary's war declaration decision?

<p>The influence of military planning and power buildup (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect was NOT a motivation behind Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war?

<p>Desire for territorial expansion in Serbia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Austria-Hungary and Germany during the events leading to the war?

<p>They were bound by a strong military alliance for support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed to Germany's final decision during the conflict?

<p>The strength of German colonialism (A), The lack of a negotiated solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome resulted from the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War?

<p>The establishment of the Third Republic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of France's war plan, Plan XVII?

<p>Rapid decisive attacks on Germany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Moroccan crisis impact French relations with other countries?

<p>It strengthened relations with Great Britain and Russia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered Britain's intervention in the conflict?

<p>The German invasion of Belgium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key characteristics of technology during the First World War?

<p>Unprecedented technological advancements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern for Britain regarding Germany's actions before the war?

<p>The expansion of German naval power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did early aircraft in the war primarily function?

<p>For reconnaissance and surveillance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Germany formed in 1882.

Triple Entente

An alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain, formed as a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand's Assassination

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo in 1914.

Armed Peace

The period between 1885 and 1914, characterized by heightened tensions and a constant threat of war in Europe.

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Imperialism

European powers' competition for colonies and resources, creating international tensions.

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World War I Start Date

The first World War began on July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918.

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Causes of WWI

Complex causes leading to the outbreak of World War I

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

The event triggering the chain of events that led to World War I

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Meiji Restoration Reforms

Changes in Japan, including abolishing aristocratic privileges, introducing family names for commoners, and establishing a parliament.

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Japanese Expansion

Japan's increase in territory in Korea and China.

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Militarism Definition

Prioritizing military strength and ideals in society.

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European Army Growth

Significant increase in European armies in early 20th century, biggest in history.

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Conscription

Mandatory military service in most European countries.

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Industrial Revolution Impact

European industrial growth impacted the first world war, as it made it a total war.

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Industrial Growth and War

Industrial growth is not the cause of wars, but it affects decisions leading up to them.

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Uneven Industrial Growth

Industrial production did not grow equally among all major powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Austro-Hungarian Empire's Diversity

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a multicultural empire with diverse languages, religions, and traditions, leading to ongoing societal tensions.

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Austro-Hungarian Empire's Unification

The empire's unifying factor was its emperor, despite the diverse population.

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Russian Empire's Absolute Rule

The Russian Empire was ruled by Tsars with absolute authority, based on a feudal system controlled by nobles and serfs.

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Russian Economy & Backwardness

The Russian economy was primarily agricultural, hindering industrial growth and exacerbating societal problems. Issues like the Crimean War exposed this.

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Crimean War & Russia

The Crimean War highlighted Russia's lack of modern infrastructure (like railways), illustrating its societal and economic backwardness.

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Meiji Restoration (Japan)

The Meiji Restoration in Japan, beginning in 1868, led to important political transformations, including the adoption of a new dynasty.

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USA as Global Power

By 1914, the USA had acquired territories and became a major global player due to substantial industrial development.

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Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) was a US statement aimed at preventing further European colonialism in the Americas.

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Algeciras Conference (1906)

A meeting to prevent war in Europe, where France and Spain were assigned a protectorate over Morocco.

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Agadir Crisis (1911)

A diplomatic crisis sparked by Germany's intervention in Morocco, ultimately leading to a compromise with France.

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Eastern Question

The issue of the declining Ottoman Empire and the ambition of Russia and Austria-Hungary to control the Balkans.

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Bosnian Annexation (1908)

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, causing Serbian protest and challenging the balance of power.

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Balkan League (1912)

An alliance formed by Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria to fight the Ottomans.

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Ottoman Empire Decline

The weakening of the Ottoman Empire, creating opportunities and tensions for other European powers.

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Entente Cordiale

The agreement between France and Britain.

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Balkan Wars (1912-1913)

Series of wars in the Balkans after the Balkan League's victory, resulting in shifting power dynamics and conflicts.

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Plan XVII

The French plan for a response to the German attack. It assumed that the German invasion would be concentrated in the southeast of France and involved mobilizing troops to regain Alsace and Lorraine. The French army relied on a swift offensive and coordinated assault from the British.

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Schlieffen Plan

A German plan for a rapid attack on France, aiming to defeat them in 41 days before Russia could mobilize. It involved concentrating 7 armies against France and then deploying other armies to resist the Russian invasion.

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Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum

A document issued by Austria-Hungary to Serbia, demanding control over Serbia’s internal police force and demanding acceptance within 48 hours. It was designed to be rejected and intended to justify a preventative war against Serbia.

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Austro-Hungarian Motivation for War

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia due to a combination of factors: the need to preserve the empire from Serbian nationalism, the reliance on the Triple Alliance for support, confidence in a swift victory, and the influence of military planning and leadership.

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Conrad von Hötzendorff

The Austro-Hungarian Chief of General Staff who advocated for war against Serbia. He saw war as the solution to the growing Serbian threat and believed in the Austro-Hungarian army's ability to achieve a quick and decisive victory.

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Count Leopold von Berchtold

The Austro-Hungarian Chancellor who saw war as necessary to address the perceived threat from Serbia. He believed that war was the only solution to prevent the spread of Serbian nationalism.

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Preemptive Attack

A military strike initiated by one country against another before being attacked, often to gain a strategic advantage or prevent a perceived threat.

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Delayed Mobilization

A slower pace of preparing and deploying troops for war, which can put a country at a disadvantage if their opponent mobilizes more quickly.

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French Desire for Revenge

France, after losing Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, was driven by a strong sense of nationalistic anger and aimed to regain the lost territories.

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France's Alliance System

France formed alliances with Russia and Great Britain to counter Germany's growing power and influence in Europe.

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France's War Plan (Plan XVII)

France's military strategy was based on rapid and decisive attacks against Germany, aiming to achieve a quick victory.

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British Pragmatism towards War

Britain, a powerful empire with global interests, approached international conflicts with a practical and strategic mindset.

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Threat of German Expansion

Germany's growing ambition, naval power, and territorial expansion, particularly in Africa, were perceived as a direct threat to British interests.

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British Opinion on German Power

British public opinion was concerned about Germany's growing economic and military influence, even though there was no immediate war.

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German Invasion of Belgium

The German invasion of Belgium, which violated Belgium's neutrality, triggered British intervention in World War I.

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Technological Impact on WWI

The rapid advancement of technology, especially in weaponry, had a significant impact on the scale and nature of World War I.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • European powers in the 17th and 18th centuries included Great Britain, France, Austria, and Russia.
  • Italy and Germany emerged as major powers in the mid-19th century.
  • This created tension and rivalry among the established powers.
  • The period of high tensions prior to WWI (1871-1914) is called the "Arms Race."
  • The "Arms Race" involved an increase in colonial ambitions and nationalist sentiments.

Pre-War Political and Territorial Situation: The Arms Race (1871-1914)

  • Rise of European imperialism in late 1800s
  • Competition for global dominance among powers
  • Formation of alliances: Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and Triple Entente (France, Russia, Great Britain)
  • Growing militarism and arms race
  • Increasing tensions and instability led to a preparedness for war.

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  • Shot on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
  • Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
  • The assassin was a member of a Serbian nationalist group.
  • Austria-Hungary used this as a pretext to declare war on Serbia.
  • The assassination sparked a series of diplomatic crises and declarations of war, resulting in the start of World War I.

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Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the major events and factors that led to World War I. This quiz covers significant alliances, nationalism, and key developments in Europe prior to the war. Enhance your understanding of this pivotal moment in history.

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