World Civ - Devshirme Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is Devshirme?

System of taxation under the Ottoman Empire

Why was Devshirme introduced?

Military needs for the fast growing empire.

Who could enter the Devshirme?

Only Non-Muslims

Who became grand vizier in 1839 and started as a Devshirme?

<p>Mehmet Husrev Pasha</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many boys were taken from the Balkans between the 15th and 17th Century?

<p>200,000 - 300,000 Christian boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where were the boys taken from?

<p>Balkan countryside</p> Signup and view all the answers

How old were the boys that were taken?

<p>Between 8 and 10 but could be as old as 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who performed the collection for the Devshirme system?

<p>Higher Janissary Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the boys called who were collected through the Devshirme?

<p>Kul, Ghilman or Oglan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two groups were the boys divided into after recruitment?

<p>The most fit boys went to palace; other boys went to work on farms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years was the training for the Devshirme boys?

<p>3 to 7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Were boys who went to the palace ever allowed to be in touch with the outside world?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What languages did the Devshirme boys learn?

<p>Turkish, Persian, and Arabic</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age were boys released from the Devshirme system?

<p>Around 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the decline of Devshirme begin?

<p>17th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Ottomans?

<p>Nomadic people from the country of Turkey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Osmanbey</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Ghazi?

<p>Followers/warriors of faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Ghazi's purpose?

<p>To bring Islam to the world; to be mercenaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what direction did the Ottoman Empire advance?

<p>West</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first capital of the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major innovation did the Ottomans make in maintaining organization and control of their empire?

<p>Taxes and record keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two career paths for Devshirme boys?

<p>Government and army</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two military innovations were credited to the Janissaries?

<p>Uniform and using formations/military bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Janissary?

<p>Army officers who helped train the Devshirme boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest conquest of Mehmed I (the Conqueror)?

<p>Constantinople (Capital of Roman Empire)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Mehmed I propose to breach the walls of Constantinople?

<p>Firing cannons at it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What day did the Ottomans capture Constantinople?

<p>May 29th, 1453</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Suleyman</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Suleyman's childhood friend?

<p>Ibrahim Pasha</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Suleyman I prove that he was fit to rule the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Conquest, he captured Rhodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the siege of Rhodes in 1552 important to the Ottomans?

<p>Suleyman was proven he was serious; went against a strong army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was Suleyman I known in Muslim society?

<p>Law giver, founded art programs, builder and conqueror</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Suleyman's chief architect?

<p>Suman</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Suman credited for?

<p>Mosque</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other services did mosques provide besides being a religious place?

<p>Schools, hospitals, and social services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the harem?

<p>Private quarters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Suleyman's rightful heir to the throne?

<p>Mustafa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hurrem Sultan?

<p>Suleyman's wife; she was a slave</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Safavids?

<p>A Turkish empire moving into the Muslim world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the siege of Vienna fail?

<p>The weather was bad and the cannons got stuck in the mud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific acts did Hurrem take to move her son into the line of royal succession?

<p>Killed Ibrahim and burned the harem; then moved into the palace</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Suleyman seen as a tragic figure in history?

<p>Killed a lot of people, loved a lot, and fell apart in the end</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Osman I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Turkey in the context of the Ottoman Empire?

<p>A country Ottomans slowly took over</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Constantinople?

<p>A Christian city with water on three sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Istanbul?

<p>Formerly Constantinople, changed by the Ottomans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Devshirme System

  • Devshirme was a tax system in the Ottoman Empire targeting non-Muslims, primarily for military recruitment.
  • Introduced due to the military needs of the rapidly expanding empire.
  • Collection of boys aged 8 to 20 took place primarily in the Balkans, totaling 200,000 to 300,000 Christian boys between the 15th and 17th centuries.
  • Retrieved by Higher Janissary Officers from the Balkan countryside.

Imperial Structure and Training

  • Collected boys, known as Kul, Ghilman, or Oglan, faced a rigorous training program lasting 3 to 7 years.
  • The most capable boys were sent to serve in the palace, while others were assigned to agricultural work.
  • Boys trained in Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, remained isolated from the outside world.
  • Released around age 20 without being considered fully free; they could not be used as slaves.

Ottoman Empire Overview

  • The Ottomans were nomadic peoples from Turkey, founded by Osmanbey.
  • The term Ghazi denotes warriors of faith with dual purposes: spreading Islam and serving as mercenaries.
  • The empire advanced westward due to sibling control over other directions.
  • Bursa was the first capital, where organizational innovations like taxation and record-keeping were established.

Military Innovations and Conquests

  • Devshirme boys had career paths leading to government or military roles.
  • Janissaries were responsible for training these boys, credited with innovations like military uniforms and organized formations.
  • Notable conquist attended by Mehmed I included the capture of Constantinople on May 29, 1453, through artillery.

Suleyman the Magnificent

  • Suleyman, regarded as the greatest ruler, was friends with Ibrahim Pasha.
  • Demonstrated his capability through military conquests including the siege of Rhodes in 1552.
  • Known as "Lawgiver," he contributed to the arts, architecture, and societal structures through mosques, which provided schools and hospitals.

Legacy and Historical Impact

  • Sultans like Suleyman had significant influence, and the harem represented private quarters within palatial structures.
  • Hurrem Sultan, Suleyman's wife and once a slave, politically maneuvered her son Mustafa into succession by eliminating rivals.
  • The Ottoman Empire faced challenges like the failed siege of Vienna due to adverse weather conditions, marking a pivotal turning point in its history.

Other Key Entities

  • The Safavids emerged as a competing Turkish Empire within the Muslim world.
  • The transformation of Constantinople into Istanbul as the Ottomans’ capital exemplified their cultural changes.
  • Historical figures like Osman I were foundational to the establishment and expansion of the Ottoman Empire, which gradually incorporated regions like modern-day Turkey.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of the Devshirme system within the Ottoman Empire through these flashcards. Learn about its purpose, eligibility, and significant figures like Mehmet Husrev Pasha. This quiz offers a concise yet informative glimpse into an important aspect of Ottoman history.

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