Centralizing Control in Russia and the Ottoman Empire
24 Questions
0 Views

Centralizing Control in Russia and the Ottoman Empire

Created by
@HeroicPraseodymium9521

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was a major cause of the economic decline in the Ottoman Empire?

  • Excessive reliance on foreign trade
  • The burden of taxes imposed on peasants (correct)
  • The establishment of Western-style industries
  • The disenfranchisement of wealthy merchants

    • What role did tax farming play in the Ottoman taxation system?

  • It centralized the collection of taxes to the central government
  • It established a fixed tax rate for all agricultural products
  • It allowed local officials and private collectors to profit from tax revenue (correct)
  • It eliminated corruption within local governments

    • How did Louis XIV use the palace at Versailles to his political advantage?

  • By establishing a military base within the palace
  • By housing foreign diplomats to secure alliances
  • By implementing direct taxation on all palace visitors
  • By entertaining nobles to distract them from their home provinces (correct)

    • Which of the following actions did Peter the Great NOT take to stimulate industry in Russia?

    <p>Introduced tax exemptions for new businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant cultural contribution of the Ottomans?

    <p>Famous miniature paintings and illuminated manuscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tax did Russia implement in 1718 to increase revenue?

    <p>Tax on individual heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key architectural feature of the palace at Versailles?

    <p>Its expansive gardens and outdoor spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one function of Ottoman taxation on peasants?

    <p>To support the military and its officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant reform made by the Ming Dynasty to improve governance after the Mongol rule?

    <p>Reviving the traditional civil service exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is associated with the leadership of the Mughal Empire?

    <p>Shah Jahan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the devshirme system in the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>To forcibly recruit Christian boys to serve the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Janissaries differ from other servicemen in the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>They were considered elite forces and 'slaves of the state.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Tokugawa shogunate' refer to?

    <p>A feudal regime that brought unity in Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Peter's reform in the Russian government?

    <p>Creating a system of salaried provincial officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the role of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>Elite military corps serving the Sultan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the education of Christian boys play in the devshirme system?

    <p>They received a diverse education in arts and politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leadership style is primarily associated with absolute rulers like Louis XIV in France?

    <p>Centralized authority with no limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of justices of the peace in England?

    <p>To oversee local judicial matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major outcome of the Ming Dynasty's efforts to regain control after the Yuan Dynasty?

    <p>Restoration of the traditional bureaucracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the Period of Great Peace in Japan?

    <p>Stability and economic growth under the Tokugawa shogunate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the Janissary system provide an aspect of social mobility?

    <p>It offered opportunities for rank advancement despite their status as slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Mughal Empire, what was the role of zamindars?

    <p>Tax collectors with land rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one impact of Peter's reorganization of the Russian government on provincial governance?

    <p>Replacement of bribes with salaries for officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes serfdom in Russia?

    <p>A status where individuals are bound to serve and work the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Centralizing Control in Russia

    • Peter the Great reorganized the Russian government, creating 8 provinces and later 50 administrative divisions.
    • The new system replaced the old system where local officials got money through bribes and taxes. Provincial officials now received salaries.
    • Peter also created a senate, a council to advise government officials when he was away.

    Centralizing Control in the Ottoman Empire

    • To control their vast territories, Ottoman sultans used a system called devshirme to staff their military and government.
    • The devshirme system, which started in the late 14th century and expanded in the 15th and 16th centuries, involved forcibly recruiting Christian boys (ages 8 to 20) from conquered lands in Europe.
    • Christian boys were trained in politics, arts, and military, and were indoctrinated to be fiercely loyal to the sultan.
    • The most famous group, called Janissaries, formed elite forces in the Ottoman army.
    • Devshirme was a path to upward mobility in the Ottoman Empire, even though Janissaries were considered "slaves of the state."

    Centralizing Control in East and South Asia

    • The Ming Dynasty in China (1368–1644) aimed to erase the influence of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
    • To achieve this goal, the Ming dynasty reinstated the traditional civil service exam, improved education through a national school system, and re-established the bureaucracy.

    French Architecture

    • Louis XIV's grand buildings at Versailles, like the palace that could accommodate hundreds of guests, helped legitimize his power.
    • Versailles also served as a political instrument, entertaining nobles there, keeping them from fomenting rebellion in their provinces.

    Financing Empires

    • In all empires, raising money to fund imperial expansion and extend state power was crucial.

    Taxation in Russia

    • Peter established state-owned industries, like shipyards in St. Petersburg and iron mines in the Ural Mountains.
    • He also encouraged private industries, including metallurgy, woodwork, gunpowder production, and leather, paper, and mining industries.
    • Peter hired Western European naval engineers to build ships according to Western models.
    • When industrialization failed to generate enough revenue for Peter's military ventures, he raised taxes and compelled workers to work in shipyards, in essence, extending serfdom to urban areas.
    • In 1718, the land tax was replaced by a tax on individuals, further oppressing the peasantry.

    Ottoman and Mughal Taxation

    • The Ottomans financed their powerful military by levying taxes on peasants, using a system called tax farming.
    • Tax farmers, local officials and private collectors distant from the central government, grew wealthy from skimming money from taxes, similar to how zamindars in the Mughal Empire profited.
    • The burden of taxes and the military eventually contributed to the economic decline of the Ottoman Empire.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    AMSCO_3.2 Empires: Administrations PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the methods of centralizing control in Russia under Peter the Great and in the Ottoman Empire through the devshirme system. It highlights governmental reorganizations and recruitment practices that shaped each empire's administration and military. Test your knowledge on these critical historical developments.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser