Workplace Conflicts Overview
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Questions and Answers

According to Hershcovis & Barling (2010), what are the methodological reasons for comparing aggression from different perpetrators?

  • It allows researchers to understand the psychological factors that influence aggression.
  • Comparing aggression from different perpetrators can help identify the most effective interventions.
  • It allows researchers to isolate the effects of aggression from different perpetrators.
  • Examining aggression from various perpetrators allows for a comprehensive understanding of the different contexts and forms of aggression. (correct)
  • The Self-Regulation perspective suggests that how targets perceive and evaluate aggression influences their responses.

    False (B)

    What are the three practical reasons for comparing aggression from different perpetrators, according to Hershcovis & Barling (2010)?

    Understanding the nuances between aggressions from different sources can inform targeted interventions and organizational policies to mitigate the effects of such behaviours.

    The ______ perspective suggests that how targets perceive and evaluate aggression influences their responses.

    <p>Appraisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that moderates the relationship between antecedents and bullying?

    <p>Individual coping mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following perspectives to their core propositions:

    <p>Self-Regulation = Looks at how targets regulate their emotional and behavioural responses to aggression Appraisal = Centers on how targets perceive and evaluate aggression influences their responses SARSS = A framework for understanding work-related stress and strain Social Comparison = Focuses on how targets compare themselves to others who have experienced aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The "gloomy perception" mechanism suggests that individuals with poor mental health may misinterpret neutral behavior as bullying.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two dominant hypotheses used to explain the causes of bullying?

    <p>The two dominant hypotheses are the Work Environment Hypothesis and the Individual-Dispositions Hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be considered moderators of the Self-Regulation perspective?

    <p>Self-control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ hypothesis suggests that bullying may stem from factors like role conflict, high workload, and job insecurity.

    <p>Work Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SARSS perspective is one of the five major perspectives used to explain moderating effects of aggression.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of attitudinal outcomes that can be affected by aggression from different perpetrators?

    <p>Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived fairness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of intervention with its focus:

    <p>Primary intervention = Alleviate the long-term effects of bullying Secondary intervention = Prevent bullying before it occurs Tertiary intervention = Reduce the impact of bullying once it has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ perspective focuses on how targets compare themselves to others who have experienced aggression.

    <p>Social Comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the social interactionist perspective of the reciprocal effects of bullying and mental health?

    <p>Individuals with poor mental health may be more likely to interpret neutral actions as bullying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Individual-Dispositions Hypothesis suggests that personality traits do not play a role in bullying.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main categories of outcomes that can be affected by aggression from different perpetrators?

    <p>Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two individual dispositions that can moderate the bullying-outcomes relationship.

    <p>Two examples are coping mechanisms and social support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of training intervention based on timing and target population?

    <p>Reactive-focused, subject-targeted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Training sessions aimed at helping employees recognize and respond to early signs of aggression fall under the "Prevention-focused, perpetrator-targeted" category.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the CREW team intervention?

    <p>To improve workplace civility and reduce workplace aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CREW team intervention involves regular meetings between a ______ and work units within an organization.

    <p>facilitator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following training interventions with their corresponding examples:

    <p>Prevention-focused, perpetrator-targeted = Anger management programs for employees who have previously displayed aggressive behaviour Prevention-focused, subject-targeted = Training sessions aimed at helping employees recognize and respond to early signs of aggression Consequence-focused, perpetrator-targeted = A workshop on recognizing the signs of aggression and employing conflict resolution strategies Consequence-focused, subject-targeted = Counselling sessions for employees who have experienced workplace aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of the CREW intervention involves participants identifying problematic behaviours specific to their work group?

    <p>Group Discussions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CREW intervention includes a focus on enhancing communication and collaboration skills within work units.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are behavioural exercises, such as role-playing, included in the CREW intervention?

    <p>To practice and foster civil behaviours and identify unacceptable interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Process conflicts are always harmful to team performance.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of workplace mistreatment?

    <p>Constructive Criticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When status competition is based on ______ and open communication is encouraged, status conflicts can be less harmful.

    <p>merit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between incivility and abusive supervision?

    <p>Incivility involves rude behavior with ambiguous intent, while abusive supervision is sustained aggressive behavior from a supervisor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of conflict with its potential benefit:

    <p>Task Conflict = Enhanced creativity and problem-solving Relationship Conflict = Improved team cohesion Process Conflict = Role clarification and responsibility definition Status Conflict = Increased motivation and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relationship conflicts are generally beneficial for team performance because they lead to open communication and trust.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which of the following conditions is task conflict MOST likely to benefit group performance?

    <p>Teams with high levels of trust and open communication, engaged in non-routine tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how a collaborative atmosphere can help resolve process conflicts effectively.

    <p>A collaborative atmosphere encourages constructive discussions about processes, focusing on solutions rather than personal attacks. This allows team members to clarify responsibilities, improve coordination, and work together to solve problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict occurs when individuals disagree on how tasks should be completed?

    <p>Process Conflict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relationship conflict arises from disagreements about goals, ideas, or the direction of work.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give one example of a task conflict that could occur in a workplace.

    <p>Two team members disagreeing on the best marketing strategy for a new product launch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a project team, two members disagree about the ______ to a marketing campaign, leading to a task conflict.

    <p>approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of conflict with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Task Conflict = Disagreements about the content of tasks, goals, ideas, or the direction of work. Relationship Conflict = Interpersonal incompatibilities and emotional tensions among team members. Process Conflict = Disagreements about how tasks should be completed, including logistics, roles, and responsibilities. Status Conflict = Disagreements about power, influence, or hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict could arise from personality clashes among team members?

    <p>Relationship Conflict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disagreement about who should lead a project meeting is an example of process conflict.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between task conflict and process conflict, providing an example for each type.

    <p>Task conflict focuses on disagreements about the content of work, such as goals or ideas. For example, two colleagues might disagree on the best marketing strategy for a new product. Process conflict, on the other hand, deals with how the work is completed, including logistics and responsibilities. An example would be team members arguing over who should manage a project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Members with high-quality LMX relationships are less likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality traits is NOT associated with positive LMX development?

    <p>External Locus of Control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two key characteristics of the 'Mature Relationships' stage in LMX development?

    <p>High trust, mutual support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-quality LMX is linked to increased ______, organizational citizenship behaviors, creativity, and lower rates of organizational deviance.

    <p>job performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leader behaviors with their impact on LMX quality:

    <p>Delegation = Enhances LMX quality Ethical Behaviour = Enhances LMX quality Micromanagement = Detrimental to LMX quality Lack of Empathy = Detrimental to LMX quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a day-to-day implication of high-quality LMX?

    <p>Limited Access to Resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-quality LMX can lead to more cooperative conflict management and a more positive work environment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does LMX influence job satisfaction?

    <p>High-quality LMX is associated with higher job satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Task Conflict

    Disagreements about the content of tasks and project direction.

    Example of Task Conflict

    Two team members disagree on marketing strategies—digital vs traditional.

    Relationship Conflict

    Conflict arising from interpersonal incompatibilities and emotional tensions.

    Example of Relationship Conflict

    Two colleagues who do not get along, affecting team collaboration.

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    Process Conflict

    Disagreements about how tasks are completed, including responsibilities and roles.

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    Example of Process Conflict

    Team members dispute over project management roles in a product meeting.

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    Types of Workplace Conflicts

    Include task, relationship, and process conflicts, each unique.

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    Impact of Relationship Conflict

    Creates an uncomfortable atmosphere that affects team collaboration.

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    Status Conflict

    Conflict arising from competition for social standing or respect within a group.

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    Effects of Relationship Conflict

    Generally negative impact on satisfaction, trust, and group performance.

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    Benefits of Process Conflict

    Can clarify roles and responsibilities when team roles are unclear.

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    Positive Task Conflict

    Task conflicts can enhance group performance when managed well and coupled with trust.

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    Forms of Workplace Mistreatment

    Includes incivility, ostracism, and abusive supervision with differing intents and intensities.

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    Abusive Supervision

    Sustained aggressive behavior directed by a supervisor towards subordinates.

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    Mistreatment prevalence rates

    The frequency of experienced and witnessed mistreatment in organizations.

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    Influence of study characteristics

    It examines how factors like labeling and sampling affect mistreatment prevalence rates.

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    Comparing aggression from perpetrators

    Understanding aggression across different sources provides insights into its contexts and effects.

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    Methodological reasons for comparison

    Examining various perpetrators helps produce generalizable findings about aggression.

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    Theoretical reasons for comparison

    Different aggressors may invoke unique mechanisms influencing outcomes, enhancing theories.

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    Health outcomes of aggression

    Aggression from different sources can influence employee health, like stress-related illnesses.

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    Self-Regulation Perspective

    Focuses on how targets manage their emotional and behavioral responses to aggression.

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    Appraisal Perspective

    Explains how target perceptions and evaluations of aggression affect their responses.

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    Support for targets and witnesses

    Assistance provided to individuals affected by mistreatment in the workplace.

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    Development of scales for mistreatment

    Creating measurement tools to assess levels of workplace mistreatment.

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    Prevention-focused, perpetrator-targeted training

    Training designed to help those likely to commit aggression prevent it before it occurs.

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    Consequence-focused, subject-targeted training

    Training for victims after incidents to help them process experiences.

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    CREW team intervention

    A program to enhance civility and reduce aggression at work through group strategies.

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    Facilitator's role in CREW

    Guide for work units to assess current climate and address civility issues.

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    Behavioral interventions in CREW

    Activities like role-playing designed to practice and promote civil behaviors.

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    Prevention-focused, subject-targeted training

    Training aimed at potential victims to help them recognize signs of aggression.

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    Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

    Voluntary actions that contribute to the organization beyond formal job duties.

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    Stages of LMX Development

    Three distinct phases in leader-member exchanges: Strangers, Acquaintances, and Mature Relationships.

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    Strangers Stage

    Initial interactions characterized by no trust or mutual understanding.

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    Acquaintances Stage

    Formation of some trust and respect; initial exchanges based on role expectations.

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    Mature Relationships Stage

    High-quality exchanges with deep trust, mutual support, and willingness to exceed formal roles.

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    Factors Influencing LMX Quality

    Includes member personality traits, behaviors, and leader behaviors enhancing LMX development.

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    Implications of High-Quality LMX

    Leads to frequent communication, empowerment, and positive work environments.

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    LMX and Job Attitudes

    High-quality LMX correlates with higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

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    Reciprocal effects of bullying

    Bullying can influence mental health and vice versa through mechanisms like gloomy perception and social interactionism.

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    Gloomy perception mechanism

    Employees with poor well-being interpret behaviors as bullying more readily due to their reduced threshold for negativity.

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    Social interactionist perspective

    Suggests that impaired health may provoke others, leading to bullying due to norm violations.

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    Work Environment Hypothesis

    Bullying arises from job design and social environments like role conflict and job insecurity.

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    Individual-Dispositions Hypothesis

    Personality traits, such as neuroticism, can increase the risk of being bullied or becoming a bully.

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    Moderators of bullying antecedents

    Factors like personality traits and organizational culture influence the relationship between risks and bullying.

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    Moderators of bullying outcomes

    Coping mechanisms, social support, and leadership practices can affect the mental health impact of bullying.

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    Intervention types

    Three types: primary (prevent), secondary (detect), and tertiary (rehabilitate) interventions for bullying.

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    Study Notes

    Workplace Conflicts

    • Conflicts can be categorized as task, relationship, process, or status conflicts.
    • Task conflict arises from disagreements about work content (goals, direction).
    • Relationship conflict stems from emotional incompatibility among team members.
    • Process conflict involves disagreements on task completion methods (logistics, roles).
    • Status conflict arises from disputes over team members' social hierarchy and power dynamics.

    Antecedents of Conflict Types

    • Task Conflict: Diverse teams with differing perspectives experience more task conflict.
    • Relationship Conflict: Teams with high negative affectivity or low agreeableness have higher relationship conflict.
    • Process Conflict: Teams with power imbalances or unclear roles experience increased process conflict.
    • Status Conflict: Teams with numerous high-power individuals may experience increased status conflict due to competition for influence.

    Conflict Benefits and Harm

    • Task conflict can be beneficial when occurring in a supportive atmosphere, fostering diverse skill sets.
    • Relationship conflict is detrimental, leading to poor emotional regulation and aggressive conflict.
    • Process conflict is harmful and associated with ineffective communication and ambiguous decision making
    • Status conflict is detrimental when causing excessive competition for leadership roles.

    Workplace Mistreatment

    • Incivility: Rude behaviours with ambiguous intent.
    • Ostracism: Explicit exclusion.
    • Abusive Supervision: Sustained aggressive behavior from a supervisor.
    • Bullying: Repeated hostile acts.
    • Physical Aggression: Aggressive physical acts.
    • Harassment: Gender/racial/ethnic-specific mistreatment.

    Mistreatment Factors

    • Organizational: work environment stressors, power imbalances, and lack of resources.
    • Individual: personality traits, experience, demographics.

    Mistreatment Effects

    • Attitudes: Reduced satisfaction, organizational commitment, increased turnover intentions.
    • Job Behaviors & Performance: Decreased performance, increased deviant behavior.
    • Health & Well-being: Increased negative affect, stress, PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder).

    Workplace Bullying

    • Repeated and systematic exposure to negative behaviors by colleagues.
    • Distinguished from other mistreatment by its systematic nature, persistent power imbalance, and inability of victims to defend themselves.

    Bullying Hypotheses

    • Work Environment Hypothesis: Bullying arises from the work design and social environment (role conflict, workload, insecurity).
    • Individual Dispositions Hypothesis: Certain personality traits increase the risk, or being a target (neuroticism, conscientiousness).

    Bullying Moderators

    • Antecedents-bullying (personality, climate, resilience).
    • Bullying-outcomes (coping mechanisms, support, leadership).

    Workplace Discrimination

    • Formal discrimination: Tied to job decisions (hiring, promotion).
    • Interpersonal discrimination: Occurs in everyday interactions (verbal/nonverbal).
    • Mediating mechanisms: Job stress, justice perceptions.
    • Discrimination types: Witnessed vs. Experienced, formal vs. interpersonal, workplace vs. non-work, equally detrimental depending on context.

    Interventions (Bias Reduction)

    • Disrupting stereotype processing (anonymizing data).
    • Updating affective states (imagination, empathy).
    • Inhibiting bias manifestation (accountability, norms).
    • Educating about bias processes (diversity training).

    Trust

    • Key components of organizational trust: ability, benevolence, integrity.
    • Empirical relationship between trust, trust propensity, risk-taking, and job performance.
    • Team trust is vital for effectiveness in complex, interdependent tasks.
    • Trust matters more in virtual teams due to reliance on communication and less face-to-face interaction.

    Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

    • High-quality LMX: Strong trust, respect, open communication, support, higher satisfaction.
    • Low-quality LMX: Limited interaction, lack of trust, lower satisfaction, high turnover.
    • Stages of LMX: Strangers, Acquaintances, Mature relationships
    • Members' personality variables influence LMX development.
    • Leader behaviors (delegation, ethics) and member behaviors (competence) contribute to LMX.
    • LMX quality strongly tied to job satisfaction, organizational commitment and well-being.

    Negative Interactions with Supervisors (Abusive Supervision)

    • Abusive supervision: Sustained hostile verbal/nonverbal behavior (excluding physical).
    • Measurement challenges: subjectivity and bias.
    • Consequences: Reduced morale, more CWB (Counterproductive Work Behaviors) and more likely to leave job.
    • Antecedents: Social learning, identity threat, self-regulation impairment.
    • Prevention strategies: improve communication, enhance emotional intelligence & ensure work-life balance for supervisors.

    Employee-Customer Exchanges

    • Negative treatment more likely in customer exchanges than internal ones due to autonomy, relationships, and power differentials.
    • Negative exchange cycle: Customer dissatisfaction, followed by employee defensiveness leading to customer departure or further issues.
    • Preventative measures: better training, improve organizational empathy, reducing power imbalances.
    • Customer relations affect job satisfaction, stress, and employee well-being.

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    Conflicts at work PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various types of workplace conflicts, including task, relationship, process, and status conflicts. It examines their antecedents and the dynamics that arise in diverse teams. Understanding these conflicts can enhance team collaboration and improve workplace relationships.

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