Lathe Machine Working Principle Quiz & Flashcards

Study Notes

The tool moves parallel to the workpiece's cylindrical surface to form a cylindrical surface.
The tool moves inclined to the axis to produce a taper surface, called taper turning.
The work is held between two supports called centers, or by a chuck or face plate mounted on the machine spindle.
The cutting tool is held and supported on a tool post.
The job moves in rotation about the spindle axis, and the tool is fed against the revolving work.
The tool movement can be either parallel to or at any inclination to the work axis.

Height of centers, type of bed (straight, semi-gap, or gap), and center distance.
Swing over bed, swing over cross slide, swing in gap, and gap in front of face plate.
Spindle speeds range, spindle nose, spindle bore, and taper nose.
Metric thread pitches, lead screw pitch, longitudinal feeds, and cross feeds.
Cross slide travel, top slide travel, and tool section.
Tailstock sleeve travel, taper in sleeve bore, and motor horsepower and RPM.
Shipping dimensions including length, width, height, and weight.

Engine Lathe or Center Lathe: most common type, widely used in workshops, and allows for variable spindle speed.
Bench Lathe: small, mounted on a workbench, used for making small, precision, and light jobs.
Speed Lathe: high-speed, hand-operated, used for wood turning, metal spinning, and other operations, with a spindle speed of 1200 to 3600 rpm.
Tool Room Lathe: designed for accuracy, used for manufacturing precision components, dies, tools, jigs, etc.
Special Purpose Lathes: custom-tailored for particular needs, used for heavy-duty jobs, and includes types like Gap Lathe, Instrument Lathe, Facing Lathe, Flow Turning Lathe, Heavy Duty Lathe, and more.
Turret Lathe: an adaptation of the engine lathe, where the tail stock is replaced by a turret slide, and the tool post is replaced by a cross slide.
Capstan Lathe: similar to turret lathe, but with a movable turret, used for fast production of small parts.
Automatic Lathe: a lathe where the workpiece is automatically fed without operator intervention, requiring minimal attention after setup.
CNC Lathe: a high-tech lathe with a computer numeric control system (CNC), allowing for automatic tool change, high accuracy, and fast production.

Turning: to remove material from the outside diameter of a workpiece to obtain a finished surface.
Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the workpiece or for making face grooves.
Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.
Drilling: to produce a hole on the workpiece.
Reaming: to finish the drilled hole.
Threading: to produce external or internal threads on the workpiece.
Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on the workpiece.
Parting: to cut the workpiece into two, similar to grooving.
Chamfering: to bevel sharp machined edges, making assembly easier and improving aesthetics.
Drilling: a process of creating a hole on the workpiece having a certain depth.