Work vs Labour in European Languages

<p>Who decides what work needs to be done? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toilsome work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves multiple individuals working towards a common goal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbeit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not intended for sale. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pensions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commodities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workers' skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To purchase commodities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate profit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquid assets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commodities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work for the community/collective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feudal farmers providing crops to a local lord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The product of labor is sold for revenue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paid – Unpaid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socially insecure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disrespectful and excluded from society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unfree work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work is performed without structured oversight or rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selling their labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small class of wealthy individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinvest some to compete effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealthy individuals who control production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profit is generated by competing effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their labor is bought and sold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some of the profits generated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaties led to the establishment of reserves and displacement of Indigenous Peoples. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominance of subsistence agriculture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It further eroded Indigenous land ownership and rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To extinguish Indigenous title to land and open it up for European settlement and resource extraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large tracts of land previously granted to the HBC were eventually transferred to the Canadian government, which then signed the Numbered Treaties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commerce aims to acquire profits through buying and selling goods, while capitalism focuses on controlling production costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landlords needed to incentivize better farming practices, so they implemented a system of market-based rents to reward productivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to a significant reduction in the availability of common land for grazing and farming, severely impacting the livelihood of the peasantry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates a deeper comprehension of the historical development of capitalism and its implications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to a decrease in agricultural production, forcing people to seek alternative forms of employment, ultimately increasing the pool of wage laborers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production was predominantly based on specialized factories employing a large number of workers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing availability of land for agriculture, which led to more people seeking work in other sectors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market activity can exist in traditional economies, while capitalism is a modern economic system based on private ownership and competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law was instrumental in facilitating the privatization of land and the enclosure movement, which benefited the rising capitalist class. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a way for landowners to maximize profits by creating a system of private land ownership and market-driven agriculture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Various terms for 'work' across European languages, highlighting linguistic distinctions.

In Greek, 'pónos' refers to toilsome work and 'érgon' to creative work.

Main distinction in work terminology is based on physical characteristics, not social context.

Work that provides basic life necessities, not intended for sale.

Work can be categorized into subsistence, collective, and market-based types.

Includes who benefits and directs the work, as well as ownership of products.

Work that is compensated financially, fitting within the broader context of types of work.

Work specifically aimed at producing goods/services for sale.

Work done for community members to help maintain social relationships.

Work performed as payment or acknowledgment of authority, often involving labor or its output.

Work where the product is sold for revenue, either directly or through wage labor.

Dual concepts categorizing work: free/unfree, paid/unpaid, independent/dependent, voluntary/forced, formal/informal.

Work that is respected, allowing the worker to be included in society.

Work that is disrespectful, often leading to social exclusion of the worker.

Work with social supports such as health care and retirement savings.

Work where workers are associated with unions or guilds, promoting collective interests.

A company established in 1670, given land by the King of England.

Treaties signed between 1871-1921 that transferred Indigenous lands to Canada.

Indigenous Peoples lost land ownership due to treaties.

Indigenous economies shifted from non-capitalist to agricultural settlements.

Economic growth in Canada evolved from colonial trade to industries.

Not all market activity is capitalism; capitalism involves profit motives and class structures.

Profit through buying/selling goods; success relies on market control.

Production mainly for personal use or local community needs, not for market.

Early capitalism seen in 16th century England; land owned by landlords.

Rents transformed from customs to market-driven, raising tenant costs.

Shared land by communities for collective use.

Partitioning of common land for private use, often leading to conflict.

Forced poor farmers into wage labor due to loss of land access.

Legal structures supported capitalist dynamics and land enclosure practices.

A small class of wealthy individuals who own and control the means of production.

Individuals who sell their labor to earn income.

Tools, factories, and machinery used to create goods and services.

The connection between employers who pay and workers who operate means of production.

Part of the profit made that is put back into the company to compete better.

The development and evolution of capitalism as an economic system.

The relationship and power struggle between different social classes, such as the capitalist class and the working class.

The total market value of a company's outstanding shares, reflecting its size and investment appeal.

Payment received by workers for their labor.

Total payment for labor, including wages, benefits, and pensions.

The capacity of workers to perform work involving time, effort, skill, and knowledge.

To sell commodities for profit by utilizing inputs and labor.

To sell their labor and purchase commodities necessary for living.

Additional perks provided to employees beyond wages, like health insurance.

Goods purchased by workers for daily living, such as food and housing.

Payments made to workers after retirement, based on their employment history.