Work-Related Fatalities and Injuries
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the increase in work-related fatalities between 2000 and 2019?

  • An increase in the global labor force. (correct)
  • A decrease in the global labor force.
  • A decrease in socio-demographic changes.
  • An increase in protected exposures to occupational risks.

Work-related accidents account for the majority of work-related deaths.

False (B)

What were the three main categories of diseases that contributed to almost three-quarters of total work-related mortality?

circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms, and respiratory diseases

Between 2000 and 2019, the global labour force increased by 26 per cent, from 2.75 billion to ______ billion.

<p>3.46</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of work-related death with the correct statistic:

<p>Work-related diseases = 2.6 million deaths Work accidents = 330,000 deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region has the highest estimated attributable fraction of work-related deaths?

<p>Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The female mortality rate due to work-related incidents is higher than the male mortality rate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all deaths globally are represented by work-related fatalities?

<p>6.71 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nearly 63 percent of global work-related mortality occurs in the region of __________.

<p>Asia and the Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of injury with its percentage of total occupational injuries:

<p>Open wounds = 39.9 percent Superficial injuries = 19.0 percent Dislocations, sprains and strains = 9.0 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the leading cause of work-related injuries?

<p>Stepping on, striking against or struck by objects, excluding falling objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary field within occupational safety and health (OSH)?

<p>Environmental Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adapting the work to humans, rather than forcing humans to adapt to the work, is a central aim of Occupational Safety and Health.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is most frequently injured in work-related incidents?

<p>Wrist and hand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occupational injuries accounted for what percentage of all fatal injuries?

<p>8.48</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'hazard' in the context of occupational safety and health.

<p>A hazard is a source or situation with a potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these.</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ is a combination of likelihood of a hazardous event and the severity of injury or damage.

<p>Risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following OSH areas with their descriptions:

<p>Occupational Safety = Preventing unsafe acts and conditions. Occupational Health = Controlling work-related illnesses. Industrial Hygiene = Evaluating physical, chemical, and biological hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most directly related to occupational safety?

<p>Investigating accidents to prevent future incidents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of work-related fatalities worldwide decreased between 2000 and 2019.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An effective occupational health program would primarily focus on:

<p>Controlling exposure to hazardous chemicals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an accident as defined in the context?

<p>Planned (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Direct accident costs encompass factors such as decreased employee morale and damage to the company's reputation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major industry group recorded the highest share of work-related diseases?

<p>manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

After machines and equipment, the next most common agent of injury is reported to be ______ and objects.

<p>materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation was identified as having the highest risk of occupational injuries resulting in workdays lost?

<p>Plant and machine operators and assemblers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Falls of persons are the leading cause of workplace injuries according to the data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the major industry groups had the second highest share of work-related diseases?

<p>Information and Communications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cost with whether it is 'direct' or 'indirect'.

<p>Medical expenses for injured workers = direct Replacement of damaged equipment = direct Decreased employee morale = indirect Penalty and litigation expenses = direct Damage to company reputation = indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an 'unsafe act' according to ANSI?

<p>A human action that violates a safe work procedure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the general term 'poor housekeeping' is an effective way to document unsafe conditions in a workplace.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of an unsafe condition related to electrical safety.

<p>Exposed wiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

An unsafe act example is ______ in a non-smoking area.

<p>smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST SPECIFIC way to report a PPE violation?

<p>Not wearing gloves and mask while mixing chemicals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An unsafe condition is always the direct result of an unsafe act.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step you should take if you identify a hazard in your workplace?

<p>Report the hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hazards with a potential accident/impact:

<p>Slippery and wet floors = Slip and fall injuries Poor storage system = Difficulty in accessing materials, potential accidents during retrieval Protruding nails and sharp objects = Puncture wounds and lacerations Scattered objects on the floor = Tripping hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Factors of fatalities increase

Increase in work-related deaths due to factors like unprotected exposures and socio-demographic shifts.

Labor force growth

The global labor force grew from 2.75 billion to 3.46 billion.

Work-related diseases deaths

Work-related diseases accounted for 2.6 million deaths.

Work accidents deaths

Work accidents resulted in 330,000 deaths.

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Main causes of work-related deaths

Circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms, and respiratory diseases caused nearly 75% of work-related deaths.

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Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

A field encompassing Occupational Safety, Occupational Health, and Industrial Hygiene.

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Occupational Safety

Focuses on preventing accidents by addressing unsafe acts and conditions in the workplace.

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Occupational Health

Explains how workplace hazards and risks cause illness and emphasizes health programs for disease control.

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Industrial Hygiene

Involves identifying, evaluating, and controlling physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards.

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Aims of OSH

Promoting well-being, preventing health effects, adapting work to humans.

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Hazard

A potential source of harm (injury, illness, damage).

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Risk

The likelihood and severity of harm from a hazard.

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2019 Work Injuries

Over 395 million non-fatal work injuries occurred worldwide.

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Work-related fatalities percentage

Work-related fatalities account for 6.71% of all deaths globally.

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Regional distribution of work-related mortality

Asia and the Pacific region contribute to approximately 63% of global work-related mortality.

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Work-related mortality rate differences (male vs. female)

The male mortality rate is 51.4 per 100,000, much higher than the female rate of 17.2 per 100,000.

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Most common occupational injury

Open wounds are the most common type of occupational injury, accounting for 39.9% of cases.

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Most injured body part

Wrist and hand injuries are the most frequent, accounting for 39.7% of cases.

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Frequency of lower extremity injuries

Injuries to the lower extremities account for 15.3% of cases.

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Frequency of head injuries

Injuries to the head account for 11.9% of cases.

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Leading cause of work-related injuries

Stepping on, striking against, or being struck by objects is the leading cause, accounting for 34.1% of cases.

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Top Agent of Injury

Machines and equipment were the leading cause, accounting for 27.5% of work absences due to injury.

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High-Risk Occupation

Plant/machine operators and assemblers face the highest risk of occupational injuries resulting in lost workdays.

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Industry with Most Disease

Manufacturing has the highest percentage of work-related disease cases (21.8%).

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Accident

An unexpected event causing damage, injury, or loss.

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Accident type percentage

Falls of persons contributed to 11.6 percent of work absences.

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Direct Accident Costs

Costs directly resulting from an accident (medical, replacement).

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Indirect Accident Costs

Hidden costs with bigger impact; affecting workers, families & communities.

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Caught Injury Percentage

Caught by/in between objects contributed to 23.6 percent of work absences.

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Unsafe Act

A worker's action that violates safety procedures or standards.

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Examples of Unsafe Acts

Examples include smoking in no smoking area and driving without a license.

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Unsafe Condition

A material, machine, or environmental property that could cause harm.

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Examples of Unsafe Conditions

Examples include slippery floors and poor storage systems.

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Specificity in Safety Reporting

Avoid general terms and state the specific issue.

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PPE Reporting Specificity

Instead of saying 'Non-wearing of PPE' specify which PPE is not used.

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Effective Hazard Response

Describe potential accidents/impacts and suggest preventive measures

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Study Notes

  • Basic Occupational Health and Safety focuses on maintaining the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations.
  • Occupational safety and health aims to prevent adverse health effects from working conditions.
  • It aims to place and maintain workers in occupational environments adapted to physical and mental needs.
  • It also focuses on adapting work to humans instead of the other way around.

Occupational Safety

  • Deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work.
  • Focuses on ways to prevent unsafe acts and unsafe conditions in any workplace.
  • Discusses concepts on good housekeeping, proper materials handling and storage, machine safety, electrical safety, fire prevention and control, safety inspection, and accident investigation.

Occupational Health

  • A broad concept that explains how different hazards and risks at work may cause illness.
  • Emphasizes the importance of health programs in controlling work-related and/or occupational diseases.

Industrial Hygiene

  • Discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards.

Hazard vs Risk

  • A hazard is a source or situation with the potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these.
  • Risk is a combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring within a specified period or circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, and the environment caused by the event.

Global OSH Statistics

  • Workplace accidents have resulted in loss of life.
  • In the Philippines, 51 workers died and 8 others were injured in 22 fatal accidents in April.
  • In 2019, over 395 million workers worldwide sustained a non-fatal work injury. Approximately 2.93 million workers died due to work-related factors.
  • Work-related deaths are unequally distributed, with the male mortality rate at 51.4 per 100,000 working-age adults, which is much higher than the female rate of 17.2 per 100,000.
  • Asia and the Pacific hold the highest share, at almost 63%, of global work-related mortality.

Statistics for the Philippines (2021)

  • Open wounds comprised 39.9% of the 12,076 total cases involving workdays lost.
  • Superficial injuries constituted 19.0%, while dislocations, sprains, and strains accounted for 9.0%.
  • In work-related accident cases with workdays lost, wrist and hand injuries together accounted for 39.7% of the injuries
  • Lower extremities(15.3%) and head injuries (11.9%) also contributed to work-related accidents resulting in time off work
  • The leading cause of work-related injury was from stepping on, striking against, of being struck by objects.
  • The primary agent of injury was machines and equipment, with 27.5%.
  • Plant and machine operators and assemblers experienced the highest risk of occupational injuries and days lost at 29.1%.
  • The manufacturing sector had the highest share of work-related deaths with 21.8%.

Accidents

  • Accidents are unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned, and unwanted occurrences that cause damage or loss of materials or properties, injury, or death.
  • Once an accident happens, money has to be spent for medical expenses, insurance premiums, and possible penalties.
  • The larger and more dangerous part of the iceberg is the indirect costs, with much more damaging impact to the worker, their families, the company, and the community.
  • Indirect costs of accidents:
  • Lost Productivity of Injured
  • Loss of productivity among other Employees and Supervisors
  • Downtime due to Equipment Damage
  • Hiring and Training Replacement Workers

Unsafe/Unhealthy Act

  • The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines this as "any human action that violates a commonly accepted safe work procedure or standard operating procedure."
  • Examples of unsafe acts include:
  • Smoking in a non-smoking area.
  • Driving without a license.
  • Reporting to work under the influence of liquor or drugs.
  • Improper storage of paints and hazardous chemicals.

Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition

  • ANSI defines this as the physical or chemical property of a material, machine, or the environment which could possibly cause injury to people, damage to property, disrupt operations in a plant or office, or other forms of losses.
  • Examples of unsafe conditions include:
  • Slippery and wet floors.
  • Poor storage system.
  • Protruding nails and sharp objects.
  • Scattered objects on the floor.
  • Avoid using general terms when citing unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions; state specifically what is present.
  • To be more specific when it comes to PPE, cite the kind of PPE that is not used or improperly worn by the worker.

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Description

This quiz assesses knowledge of work-related fatalities and injuries, including contributing factors, leading causes, and global statistics. Questions cover trends in mortality rates, major disease categories, and regional distributions of work-related deaths.

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