Basic Occupational Health and Safety Lesson PDF

Occupational safety and health is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields – Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene. deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe conditions in any workplace. Safety...

Occupational safety and health is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields – Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene. deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe conditions in any workplace. Safety at work discusses concepts on good housekeeping, proper materials handling and storage, machine safety, electrical safety, fire prevention and control, safety inspection, and accident investigation. is a broad concept which explains how the different hazards and risks at work may cause an illness and emphasizes that health programs are essential in controlling work-related and/or occupational diseases. discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic hazards. In its broadest sense, OSH aims at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention of adverse health effects of the working conditions the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs; the adaptation of work to humans (and NOT the other way around). a source or situation with a potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these. a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event. Take a screenshot of this part and upload it to our Google Classroom. Retrieved from: https://wrp.lrfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-10/World%20Risk%20Poll%2024%20- %20OSH%20Report%201_0.pdf  According to these latest estimates, over 395 million workers worldwide sustained a non-fatal work injury in 2019. In addition, around 2.93 million workers died as a result of work-related factors, an increase of more than 12 per cent compared to 2000 (ILO forthcoming). The sizeable increase in the absolute number of work-related fatalities is influenced by several factors, which may relate to an aggravation in terms of unprotected exposures to occupational risks or to socio-demographic changes. For example, the global labour force increased by 26 per cent between 2000 and 2019, from 2.75 billion to 3.46 billion. Retrieved from: https://wrp.lrfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-10/World%20Risk%20Poll%2024%20- %20OSH%20Report%201_0.pdf  As figure 1 shows, the large majority of these work-related deaths, 2.6 million, were attributed to work-related diseases, while work accidents resulted in 330,000 deaths. The diseases that caused most work-related deaths were circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms and respiratory diseases. Together, these three categories contributed to almost three-quarters of total work-related mortality. Retrieved from: https://wrp.lrfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-10/World%20Risk%20Poll%2024%20- %20OSH%20Report%201_0.pdf  Work-related fatalities represented 6.71 per cent of all deaths globally, with occupational injuries accounting for 8.48 per cent of all fatal injuries and work-related diseases contributing to 6.54 per cent of all global fatalities due to disease. The attributable fraction of work-related deaths is estimated to be highest in Africa (7.39 per cent), followed by Asia and the Pacific (7.13 per cent) and Oceania (6.52 per cent). Work-related deaths are unequally distributed, with the male mortality rate (51.4 per 100,000 working age adults) much higher than the female rate (17.2 per 100,000). In terms of regional distribution, Asia and the Pacific holds the highest share, contributing to almost 63 per cent of global work-related mortality. This reflects the fact that countries in this region possess most of the world’s working population. Retrieved from: https://wrp.lrfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-10/World%20Risk%20Poll%2024%20- %20OSH%20Report%201_0.pdf Type of Injury Open wounds were reported as the most common type of occupational injuries, contributing 39.9 percent of the total 12,076 cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost. Superficial injuries ranked second with 19.0 percent, followed by dislocations, sprains and strains with 9.0 percent. Part of Body Injured Wrist and hand were the most injured body parts of workers with 39.7 percent of the total cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost. Other parts physically injured due to work-related accidents were lower extremities with 15.3 percent and head with 11.9 percent. Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-20212022- integrated-survey-labor-and-employment-module-occupational- injuries-and Cause of Injury The leading cause of work-related injury in the workplace was stepping on, striking against or struck by objects, excluding falling objects with a share of 34.1 percent of the total cases with workdays lost. This was followed by caught by or in between objects with 23.6 percent and falls of persons with 11.6 percent. Agent of Injury Machines and equipment were reported as the top agent of injury resulting to 27.5 percent of absences from work. Other common agents of injury consist of materials and objects with 23.7 percent and hand tools with 18.8 percent. Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-20212022- integrated-survey-labor-and-employment-module-occupational- injuries-and  Major Occupation Group Plant and machine operators and assemblers recorded at 29.1 percent was the occupation with the highest risk of involvement to occupational injuries with workdays lost. This was followed by elementary occupations with 24.8 percent. Likewise, service and sales workers were also prone to risk, which contributed 14.3 percent of the total work-related injuries. Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-20212022- integrated-survey-labor-and-employment-module-occupational- injuries-and By major industry group, workers engaged in Manufacturing had the highest share with 21.8 percent (28,947 cases) of the total cases of work-related diseases. This was followed by Information and Communications with 15.4 percent (20,413 cases) and Human Health and Social Work Activities Except Public Health Activities with 12.6 percent (16,751 cases). Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-20212022- integrated-survey-labor-and-employment-module-occupational- injuries-and An accident is an unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted occurrence or event that causes damage or loss of materials or properties, injury or death. (06)  Once an accident happens, money has to be spent for medical expenses of the injured worker/workers, insurance premiums and, in some cases, for penalty and litigation expenses. Companies also spend huge amounts to replace damaged equipment and wasted raw materials. These are what we consider as the direct costs of accidents. But these are just the tip of the iceberg. The larger and more dangerous part of the iceberg however is the part that lies beneath the water. This represents the indirect costs of an accident which have a more damaging impact to the worker, their families, the company and the community in general.  the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines this as “any human action that violates a commonly accepted safe work procedure or standard operating procedure.” This is an act done by a worker that does not conform or departs from an established standard, rules or policy. These often happen when a worker has improper attitudes, physical limitations or lacks knowledge or skills. Examples of unsafe acts include: reporting to work improper storage of Smoking in no driving without under the influence paints and hazardous license of liquor or drugs chemicals among others smoking area  ANSI defines this as the physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment which could possibly cause injury to people, damage to property, disrupt operations in a plant or office or other forms of losses. These conditions could be guarded or prevented. Examples of unsafe conditions include: slippery and wet poor storage protruding nails and scattered objects on floors system sharp objects the floor The term “poor housekeeping” is a very general and vague term that does not tell you the real condition/situation of the workplace that needs to be addressed. You should avoid using general terms when citing for unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions. Rather, you must state specifically what you are referring to, like: dusty workplace and improper storage of paints. The term “Non-wearing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)” is another generalized statement of an unsafe act. To be more specific, you must cite the kind of PPE that is not used or improperly worn by the worker. In this case, your observation should be: not wearing gloves and mask while mixing chemicals, not wearing goggles while welding, or not wearing safety shoes while walking on slippery surface  Look around your current environment (classroom, home, or workplace). Identify at least 5 hazards that could lead to an accident or harm (with picture). For each hazard, Describe the potential accident or impact it may cause and Suggest a preventive measure to address the hazard. Hazard Potential Accident/Impact Preventive Measure