Work and Energy in Physics

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Questions and Answers

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

K.E. = 1/2 mv²

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

Elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)²

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

E = m × g × h

What energy transfers occur as a person throws a ball up in the air, and it falls back down?

<p>When you throw the ball upwards, you are doing work on it causing it to accelerate, gaining kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is converted into gravitational potential energy as the ball rises and slows down. As the ball falls, gravitational potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy. When the ball hits the ground, the kinetic energy is dissipated to the surroundings as heat and sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the units of energy are joules (J), what are the units for work done?

<p>Joules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following units with their base quantities.

<p>Joules = Energy Newtons = Force metres = Distance Kilograms = Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are 'work done' and 'energy transferred' linked?

<p>They are equal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct equation for force?

<p>Force = work done ÷ distance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cyclist uses a constant braking force of 89N to stop his bicycle in a distance of 72m. Calculate the work done by the braking force to stop the bicycle. Give the unit.

<p>6408 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convert 250cm into m.

<p>0.25 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the work done when a weightlifter uses a force of 20N to lift a weight of 50kg? The weight is lifted a distance of 1m

<p>100J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cyclist accelerates from a set of lights. The driving force of the back tyre on the ground is 250N. How much work is done when the cyclist travels 5m?

<p>1250J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is work in science?

Work done is the transfer of energy when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.

What are the units of work done?

Work done is measured in Joules (J).

How do you calculate work done?

Work done is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance moved in the direction of the force.

What is the formula for calculating work done?

The formula for work done is W = F x s, where W is work done, F is force, and s is the distance moved.

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How is work related to energy?

When a force moves an object, energy is transferred to that object.

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What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred?

The amount of energy transferred is equal to the work done on the object.

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What is friction?

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

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What happens to energy when work is done against friction?

When work is done to overcome friction, energy is transferred as heat.

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How do you calculate the work done by a braking force?

The work done by a braking force to stop a bicycle is calculated using the same formula: W = F x s.

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What is a base unit?

A base unit is the fundamental unit used to measure a quantity.

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What is the base unit for temperature?

The base unit for temperature is degrees Celsius (°C).

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What is the base unit for mass?

The base unit for mass is kilogram (kg).

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What is the base unit for pressure?

The base unit for pressure is Pascal (Pa).

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What is the base unit for force?

The base unit for force is Newton (N).

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What is the base unit for volume?

The base unit for volume is cubic meter (m³).

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What is the base unit for distance?

The base unit for distance is meter (m).

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How do you rearrange the work formula to find force?

To rearrange the formula W = F x s to find force, divide both sides by distance: F = W/s.

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How do you calculate the work done by a weightlifter?

The work done is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance moved: W = F x s.

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How do you calculate the work done by a cyclist?

The work done is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance moved: W = F x s.

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How do you rearrange the work formula to find the distance?

To find the distance moved, rearrange the formula W = F x s to get s = W/F.

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How do you find the distance a worker pushes a box?

The distance moved is calculated by dividing the work done by the force applied: s = W/F.

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How are work done and energy transferred linked?

The relationship between work done and energy transferred is that they are equal.

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What's the equation for kinetic energy?

The equation for kinetic energy is KE = 1/2mv². KE represents kinetic energy, m represents mass, and v represents velocity.

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What's the equation for elastic potential energy?

The equation for elastic potential energy is EPE = 1/2kx². EPE represents elastic potential energy, k represents the spring constant, and x represents the extension of the spring.

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What's the equation for gravitational potential energy?

The equation for gravitational potential energy is GPE = mgh. GPE represents gravitational potential energy, m represents mass, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and h represents height.

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What energy transfers occur when a ball is thrown upwards?

When a ball is thrown upwards, the following energy transfers occur: kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy, then gravitational potential energy back to kinetic energy.

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Study Notes

Learning Intentions and Success Criteria

  • Students aim to understand and calculate work done by a force.
  • Key skills include explaining work in science, connecting work to energy, and calculating work done.

Key Words

  • Work
  • Energy
  • Distance
  • Force

Equations

  • Kinetic Energy (KE): KE = 1/2 * m * v² (where m = mass, v = velocity)
  • Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): E = m * g * h (where m = mass, g = gravitational field strength, h = height)
  • Elastic Potential Energy: 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)²
  • Work Done: W = F × s (where W = work done, F = force, s = distance)

Work and Energy

  • Applying a force that moves an object means energy is transferred to the object, signifying work done.
  • Work done is measured in Joules (J).
  • Energy transferred is equal to work done.

Friction and Heat

  • Work done against friction results in heat transfer.
  • Example: Brake pads getting hot when applied for a long time. Energy transfers from kinetic energy to thermal energy in the brake pads.

Example Calculations

  • Students should be able to calculate work done given force and distance.

Recap: Base Units

  • Examples of base units are mentioned (temperature, mass, pressure, force, volume, and distance).

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