Momentum, Work, and Power with Energy Calculations
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Questions and Answers

Find the momentum of a 50 kg object moving at 4 m/s.

200 kg.m/s

What is the impulse when a 20 N force acts for 5 seconds?

100 Ns

Find the power required to lift a 100 N weight by 2 meters in 5 seconds.

40 W

A 2 kg object is moving with 10 m/s speed. Find its kinetic energy.

<p>100 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the work done if a 50 N force moves an object 3 m at an angle of 60°.

<p>75 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the power output of an escalator lifting a 75 kg person 10 m in 15 seconds?

<p>490 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficiency of a machine that inputs 1000 J and outputs 800 J?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wave has a frequency of 250 Hz and a wavelength of 1.2 m. What is its speed?

<p>300 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sound wave has a speed of 340 m/s and a wavelength of 0.85 m. What is its frequency?

<p>400 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

A transformer increases voltage from 120 V to 240 V. If the primary coil has 100 turns, how many turns does the secondary coil have?

<p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

A circuit has a voltage of 24 V and a resistance of 8 Ω. What is the current?

<p>3 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

A motor uses 500 W of power and operates at 250 V. What is the current?

<p>2 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

A force of 15 N is applied to an object over a distance of 5 m. How much work is done?

<p>75 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 100 W lightbulb operates for 5 hours. How much energy does it use?

<p>1.8 MJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car is moving at 72 km/h. Convert this speed to m/s.

<p>20 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

A light wave takes 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to Earth. How far is Earth from the Sun?

<p>1.44 x 10^8 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wave has a speed of 1500 m/s and a frequency of 500 Hz. What is its wavelength?

<p>3 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Momentum Definition

Measure of mass in motion. Calculated as mass multiplied by velocity.

Impulse Definition

The change in momentum of an object. Calculated as force multiplied by time.

Power Definition

The rate at which work is done. Calculated as work divided by time.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion. Calculated as 1/2 * mass * velocity squared.

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Work Definition

Energy transferred by a force. Calculated as force * distance * cos(θ).

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Efficiency Definition

Ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, expressed as a percentage.

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Wavelength Definition

The distance between successive crests of a wave.

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Frequency Definition

The number of wave cycles per second.

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Wave Speed

The speed at which a wave propagates. Calculated as frequency multiplied by wavelength.

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Transformer

A device that transfers electrical energy between circuits with different voltage levels using electromagnetic induction.

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Current Definition

The flow of electric charge. Calculated as voltage divided by resistance (Ohm's Law).

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Electrical Power

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred. Calculated as current multiplied by voltage.

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Momentum Calculation

Momentum of a 50 kg object at 4 m/s.

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Impulse Calculation

Impulse when 20 N force acts for 5 seconds.

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Power Calculation

Power to lift 100 N by 2 meters in 5 seconds.

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Kinetic Energy Calculation

Kinetic energy of a 2 kg object moving at 10 m/s.

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Work at an Angle

Work done by 50 N force moving object 3 m at a 60 degree angle.

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Escalator Power

Power output of escalator lifting 75 kg person 10 m in 15 seconds.

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Efficiency Calculation

Efficiency of machine with 1000 J input and 800 J output.

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Wave Speed Calculation

Speed of a wave with 250 Hz frequency and 1.2 m Wavelength.

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Frequency Calculation

Frequency of sound wave with 340 m/s speed and 0.85 m Wavelength.

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Transformer Turns

Turns on secondary coil when transformer increases voltage from 120 V to 240 V with 100 primary turns.

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Ohm's Law

Current in a circuit with 24 V voltage and 8 Ω resistance.

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Motor Current

Current drawn by a 500 W motor operating at 250 V.

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Simple Work Calculation

Work done when 15 N force is applied over 5 m

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Energy Consumption

Energy used by a 100 W lightbulb operating for 5 hours.

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Speed Conversion

72 km/h converted to m/s

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Light Travel Distance

Distance from Sun to Earth if light takes 8 minutes to travel.

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Wavelength Calcuation

Wavelength of a wave with a speed of 1500 m/s and a frequency of 500 Hz.

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Energy

The ability to do work.

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Study Notes

  • These physics notes cover momentum, impulse, power, kinetic energy, work, efficiency, wave properties, transformers, circuits, and energy calculations.

Momentum

  • Momentum is calculated by multiplying mass by velocity.
  • A 50 kg object moving at 4 m/s has a momentum of 200 kgâ‹…m/s.

Impulse

  • Impulse is the product of force and time.
  • A 20 N force acting for 5 seconds produces an impulse of 100 Ns.

Power

  • Power is work done per unit of time.
  • The power required to lift a 100 N weight by 2 meters in 5 seconds is 40 W.

Kinetic Energy

  • Kinetic energy is calculated as 1/2 * mass * velocity squared.
  • A 2 kg object moving at 10 m/s has a kinetic energy of 100 J.

Work

  • Work is calculated by force multiplied by distance and the cosine of the angle between them.
  • A 50 N force moving an object 3 m at a 60° angle does 75 J of work.

Power Output

  • Power output is calculated by dividing (mass * g * height) by time.
  • An escalator lifting a 75 kg person 10 m in 15 seconds has a power output of 490 W.

Efficiency

  • Efficiency is (Output Energy / Input Energy) * 100
  • A machine with 1000 J input and 800 J output has an efficiency of 80%.

Wave Speed, Frequency, and Wavelength

  • Wave speed is the product of frequency and wavelength.
  • A wave with a frequency of 250 Hz and a wavelength of 1.2 m has a speed of 300 m/s.
  • Wave frequency is calculated as speed divided by wavelength.
  • A sound wave with a speed of 340 m/s and a wavelength of 0.85 m has a frequency of 400 Hz.

Transformers

  • Turns in secondary coil equals (Secondary Voltage / Primary Voltage) * Turns in primary.
  • A transformer increasing voltage from 120 V to 240 V with 100 primary turns has 200 secondary turns.

Circuits

  • Current calculated as Voltage / Resistance.
  • A circuit with 24 V and 8 Ω resistance has a current of 3 A.
  • Current calculated as Power / Voltage.
  • A motor using 500 W at 250 V has a current of 2 A.

Work Calculation

  • Work equals Force * Distance
  • A force of 15 N applied over 5 m results in 75 J of work.

Energy Consumption

  • Energy is calculated as Power * Time
  • A 100 W lightbulb operating for 5 hours consumes 1.8 MJ of energy.

Speed Conversion

  • To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 1000 m/km and divide by 3600 s/h.
  • 72 km/h is equivalent to 20 m/s.

Distance Calculation

  • Distance equals Speed * Time
  • Light traveling from the Sun to Earth in 8 minutes (at 3.0 x 10^8 m/s) covers 1.44 x 10^8 km.

Wavelength

  • Wavelength calculated as Speed / Frequency
  • A wave with a speed of 1500 m/s and a frequency of 500 Hz has a wavelength of 3 m.

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Description

These physics notes cover momentum and impulse. It also includes calculation for power, kinetic energy, work, efficiency, wave properties, transformers, circuits, and various energy calculations. Momentum is mass times velocity, while impulse is the product of force and time.

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