Word Recognition and Processing

<p>Words that are semantically related to the context (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition fails to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Words with similar spelling or sounds are recognized faster (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Letters within a word are recognized better than in isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shorter words are recognized faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances response times for related words (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognized faster than unpredictable words (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clarity between two separate pieces of information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reader’s intentions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processing of words using a rigid letter-order code. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both explicit and implicit goals affect inference reading time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General knowledge stored in long-term memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects visually presented words to their meanings directly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It improved recall and comprehension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problems recognizing irregular words that do not follow common rules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent information is preferentially attached to the most recent phrase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Updating representations based on context changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The least complex tree structure in terms of nodes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs automatically without conscious thought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences reaction times based on goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard Pragmatic view (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory and motor experiences from real life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only the most plausible meaning is selected based on pre-existing knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent knowledge about actions and items (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mistakes in the middle of a word go unnoticed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measured brain activity in response to sentence correctness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A task where participants read words aloud and the time taken from word appearance to speech onset is measured. Difficult words take longer to process.

A task where participants decide as quickly as possible whether a string of letters is a word or not. This task is often used with semantic priming.

The effect where a word is recognized faster when it is preceded by a semantically related word.

The effect where shorter words are recognized faster than longer words.

The effect where more common words are recognized faster than less common words.

Similar to semantic priming, the effect where words relevant to the context are recognized faster than irrelevant words.

The effect where words with similar spellings are recognized faster, e.g., "tank" is recognized faster due to its similarity to "sank", "dank", "talk", and "rank".

The effect where words with similar sounds are recognized faster, e.g., "cheap" is recognized faster due to its similarity to "chip", "chop", and "cheese".

A model of word recognition that proposes each word has a recognition unit that receives auditory and visual information. Recognition occurs when the unit's activation exceeds a threshold.

The effect where letters are more easily recognized within words than in isolation.

A model of word recognition that explains how visual features, letters, and words are processed in a network with excitatory and inhibitory connections.

The effect where people can still understand a word even if there is a transposed letter in it, for example, 'catt' instead of 'cat'. However, errors are more noticeable at the beginning or end of the word.

A model that posits two distinct pathways for reading: the direct lexical route and the indirect/phonological route.

A reading difficulty characterized by problems with the direct lexical route, leading to difficulty reading irregular words like 'yacht' or words with unusual pronunciations.

A reading difficulty characterized by problems with the indirect/phonological route, leading to difficulty decoding unfamiliar words.

The arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence to create a well-formed grammatical structure.

The study of how context contributes to the meaning of words, considering both literal and non-literal interpretations.

A sentence with multiple possible interpretations, often due to ambiguous grammar.

A preference for attaching new information to the most recent clause or phrase in a sentence, reducing processing load.

A theory that uses multiple sources of information like prior context or general knowledge to resolve ambiguity in sentences.

The process of understanding and integrating larger amounts of text or speech.

Inferences are guesses or assumptions we make to fill in missing information based on what we already know.

A type of inference that is based solely on the meaning of the words in a sentence.

A type of inference that connects two separate pieces of information to make the text clearer.

A type of inference where we add details that aren't essential for understanding the text, but make it more interesting or detailed.

A theory that suggests we automatically create detailed mental models and make inferences while processing information.

A theory that suggests inferences are made based on the reader's goals and intentions.

General knowledge stored in long-term memory that helps us understand the world.

A type of schema that represents knowledge about specific objects and their attributes.

A type of schema that represents knowledge about the sequence of actions in an event.