43 Questions
What is the advantage of reading over listening in terms of speed?
We can read faster
What is the primary purpose of measuring word recognition using multiple tasks?
To compare the speed and accuracy of different tasks
What is the main difference between the Dual Route theory and the Connectionist theory of word recognition?
Serial vs. parallel processing
What is the primary function of parsing in sentence processing?
To assign syntactic structure to words and sentences
What is the significance of the 300ms delay in context use during sentence processing?
It indicates that context is used after a brief delay
What is the primary difference between the Garden Path Model and the Constraint-based Model of sentence processing?
Serial vs. parallel processing
What is the significance of Vygotsky's idea in the context of language development?
It highlights the role of listeners in influencing children's language behavior
What is the main controversy surrounding linguistic relativism?
Whether it influences our thought and perception
What is the difference between simultaneous and sequential bilingualism?
The age at which the second language is acquired
What is the significance of code-switching in bilingualism?
It is a way to differentiate between two languages
What is the significance of the one-system hypothesis versus the two-system hypothesis in bilingualism?
It debates whether bilingual children differentiate between two languages
What is the significance of the Simon task in the context of bilingualism?
It assesses the executive functioning of bilingual children
What type of knowledge does the modular model consider?
Syntactic knowledge
What is the main idea of the immediacy principle in the Constraint-based model?
A word fits right away into a syntactic structure
What did the Taraban and McClelland 1988 study conclude about language processing?
There is no general minimal attachment strategy and people use knowledge about particular words
What is the 4-step process involved in speech production?
Conceptualization, formulation of speech plan, articulation, monitoring
What is the lexical bias effect in language production?
Errors often result in real words
What did the study by Brown and McNeil suggest about language processing?
People access semantic information before phonological information
What is the main idea of the cooperative principle in conversation?
Make a contribution to the conversation that is required
What is the phenomenon of entrainment in conversation?
The tendency for one’s speech to become more similar to that of one’s conversation partner
What is the main idea of Piaget's egocentrism versus Vygotsky's behavioral self-guidance?
Piaget's idea is that children are egocentric, while Vygotsky's idea is that children are social beings
What is the primary advantage of reading over listening in terms of cognitive processing?
Faster processing speed
Which theory of word recognition proposes that word recognition is a parallel and interactive process in the mind?
Connectionist theory
What is the primary function of ambiguity in studying language comprehension?
To study the serial versus parallel processing of meaning
What is the significance of the 300ms delay in context use during sentence processing?
It shows the delay in using context to disambiguate sentences
Which sentence processing model proposes that the listener initially identifies only one analysis of a sentence?
Garden Path Model
What is the primary significance of measuring word recognition using multiple tasks?
To uncover the underlying mental mechanisms of language processing
What is the implication of Shatz and Gelman's study on 4-year-olds' language switching?
Children's language is dependent on the listener's age
What is the main idea of Whorf's question?
Language affects our thought processes
What is the significance of Winawer et al's study on color perception?
It suggests that language influences our perception of colors
What is the difference between geocentric and intrinsic frames of reference?
Geocentric refers to the use of absolute directions, while intrinsic refers to the use of relative directions
What is the significance of executive functioning in bilinguals?
It is stronger in bilinguals due to code-switching
What is the main controversy surrounding bilingualism?
Whether it is better for cognitive functioning or not
What is the primary characteristic of the Constraint-based model in language processing?
It suggests parallel interpretations of one word
What is the main finding of the Taraban and McClelland 1988 study?
People use knowledge about particular words to guide interpretation
What is the primary function of the monitoring stage in language production?
To filter out errors
What is the main idea behind the cascaded model of language production?
One step can begin before the prior one has finished
What is the primary difference between linguistic competence and communicative competence?
Linguistic competence refers to understanding language rules, while communicative competence refers to applying those rules in conversation
What is the main idea behind Grice's cooperative principle?
To make a contribution to the conversation that is as required
What is the primary characteristic of the Garden Path Model?
It has minimal attachment and late closure features
What is the primary purpose of the Lexical Bias Effect in language production?
To bias errors towards real words
What is the primary finding of the Vigliocco et al study?
People access semantic knowledge before phonological knowledge
What is the primary difference between the serial model and the cascaded model of language production?
Steps take place in serial order in the serial model, while one step can begin before the prior one has finished in the cascaded model
Test your understanding of word recognition, including the speed of reading, measurement tasks, and main theoretical controversies. Learn about the dual route and connectionist theories and how they relate to reading aloud. Evaluate your knowledge of frequency effects on reaction time and error rates.
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