Word Learning in Children with Hearing Loss
26 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

In the UK, how many children are born deaf?

1-2 out of every 1000 children

What are some common causes of hearing loss in children? (Select all that apply)

  • Drug and alcohol use while pregnant (correct)
  • Low birth weight (correct)
  • Infections (correct)
  • Birth injuries (correct)
  • Genetics (correct)
  • Maternal diabetes (correct)
  • High blood pressure while pregnant (correct)
  • Premature birth (correct)

What is the treatment for mild to moderate hearing loss?

Hearing aids

What is the treatment for severe to profound hearing loss?

<p>Cochlear implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cochlear implants do?

<p>Cochlear implants stimulate the auditory nerves inside the cochlea with electrical impulses. They do not restore hearing, but they provide children with a sensation of sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors are predictors of language outcome in children with hearing loss? (Select all that apply)

<p>Audiological factors (A), Demographic factors (B), Language input (C), Environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding in the Ingvalson et al. study regarding vocab size?

<p>Children with normal hearing had a larger vocabulary size than those with hearing loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 7.5 months of age, infants can segment words using the predominant stress pattern of their native language.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Visual Habituation Paradigm?

<p>It is a method used for investigating the ability of infants to discriminate between stimuli by measuring their preferential looking times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the sample in the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study?

<p>The sample included 20 children with cochlear implants at 22-33 months old with 1-6 months of CI use and 48 infants with normal hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was assessed in the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study? (Select all that apply)

<p>Length of time to habituate to a visual stimulus (B), Look-away rate during habituation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the key findings of the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study.

<p>Deaf infants were slower to habituate to a visual stimulus and demonstrated a lower look-away rate than hearing infants. However, when familiarized with a common pattern, they showed dishabituation. Infants with cochlear implants had reduced discrimination of stress patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by audiovisual association?

<p>Audiovisual association refers to how we map sounds and disambiguate motion stimuli in noisy environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the McGurk effect?

<p>The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon demonstrating the interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. It occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. This highlights how visual input can influence our perception of auditory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by multimodal perception?

<p>Multimodal perception refers to how our senses work together to help us perceive our world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the sample in the Schorr et al. study.

<p>The study involved two groups: one group of children aged 5-14 years old who had been profoundly deaf since birth and had at least one year of cochlear implant experience, and another group of age-matched normal hearing children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the Schorr et al. study?

<p>Participants were asked to watch and listen to audiovisual stimuli, and to state the perceived syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the key findings of the Schorr et al. study.

<p>Children with normal hearing perceived both the unimodal and congruent bimodal stimuli reliably, correctly reporting the perceived syllables in the majority of trials. However, with the incongruent audiovisual stimuli (McGurk test), performance was more variable. Some reported the fused sound, some reported the incongruent sound, and some reported both inconsistently. This suggests that children with CI (deaf) demonstrate differences in integration and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Preferential Looking Paradigm?

<p>The Preferential Looking Paradigm is an experimental method used to measure infants' and toddlers' spontaneous looking and listening behaviors towards visual and auditory stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the procedure of the Preferential Looking Paradigm.

<p>Children are presented with two pictures and tested to see if they look at the correct picture when a word is said. The children go through learning trials where they are asked to identify the correct picture. If they remember what they learned, they will look at the correct picture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Houston et al. study?

<p>The study aimed to investigate word learning in deaf children with cochlear implants using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm. They examined children's ability to learn two novel word-novel object pairings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the sample in the Houston et al. study.

<p>The study included 25 prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants between 21 and 40 months old who received implants before the age of 2. They also included 23 12-month-old, 23 15-month-old, 25 18-month-old, 28 21-month-old, and 25 age-matched controls with normal hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the key findings of the Houston et al. study.

<p>Normally hearing children began to show word learning ability around 18 months of age and were able to effectively map words to objects by 21 months. Children with cochlear implants who were implanted slightly older (16-21.4 months) struggled with object mapping, while those implanted earlier demonstrated performance similar to children with normal hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is shape bias?

<p>Shape bias is the tendency of infants, children, and even adults to generalize information about objects based on their shapes rather than their colors, materials, sizes, or textures when learning nouns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically develop shape bias?

<p>Children typically develop shape bias around 18 months of age and older.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Perry et al. study?

<p>The Perry et al. study aimed to investigate whether children with hearing loss demonstrate a shape bias as they generate novel words, specifically exploring how children with hearing loss generalize novel names to objects of the same shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How many children are born deaf in the UK?

1-2 of every 1000 children are born deaf in the UK.

What are common causes of hearing loss in children?

Common causes of childhood hearing loss include infections, premature birth, low birth weight, birth injuries, drug/alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal diabetes, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and genetics.

What is the treatment for mild to moderate hearing loss?

Hearing aids are used to treat mild to moderate hearing loss.

What is the treatment for severe to profound hearing loss?

Cochlear implants are used to treat severe to profound hearing loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do cochlear implants do?

Cochlear implants stimulate the auditory nerves inside the cochlea with electrical impulses. It doesn't restore hearing but provides children with a sensation of sound.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are 4 predictors of language outcome in children with hearing loss?

Four predictors of language outcome in children with hearing loss are audiological factors, demographic factors, environmental factors, and language input.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happened in the Ingvalson et al. study about vocab size?

Ingvalson et al. (2004) used the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and a receptive one-word picture vocabulary test to compare 31 children with normal hearing and 31 with hearing loss, aged 3-4 years. They repeated the test 6 months later.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the findings of the Ingvalson et al. study?

Ingvalson et al. found that children with normal hearing had a larger vocabulary size than those with hearing loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What can infants do by 7.5 months of age regarding lexical stress?

By 7.5 months, infants can segment words based on the predominant stress pattern of their native language. For example, infants familiarized with 'askingdom' and 'hamlet' listened longer to passages containing these words than to control passages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Visual Habituation Paradigm?

The Visual Habituation Paradigm is a method used to investigate infants' ability to discriminate between stimuli by measuring their looking time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What was the sample in the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study?

The Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study involved 20 children with cochlear implants (22-33 months old, 1-6 months of CI use) and 48 infants with normal hearing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What was assessed in the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study?

The Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study assessed two measures of cognitive function and attention maintenance: the time taken to habituate to a visual stimulus, and the look-away rate during habituation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the findings of the Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin study?

Deaf infants were slower to habituate to a visual stimulus and demonstrated a lower look-away rate than hearing infants. When they were familiarized with a common in pattern then they showed dishabituation. Infants with cochlear implants had reduced discrimination of stress patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is audiovisual association?

Audiovisual association refers to how we map sounds and disambiguate motion stimuli in noisy environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the McGurk effect?

The McGurk effect demonstrates the interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. An auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. For example, visual input can conflict and misrepresent what we are hearing aurally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is multi-modal perception?

Multi-modal perception is where the senses work together to help us perceive our world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the sample in the Schorr et al. study (McGurk effect).

Schorr et al. (2005) studied the McGurk effect in children with profound hearing loss who had at least 1 year of cochlear implant experience. They compared these children to age-matched normal-hearing children (5-14 years old).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happened in the Schorr et al. study (McGurk effect)?

Participants in the Schorr et al. study watched and listened to audiovisual stimuli, stating the perceived syllable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the findings of the Schorr et al. study?

Children with normal hearing perceived both unimodal and congruent bimodal stimuli reliably. However, with incongruent audiovisual stimuli, performance varied. Some children consistently reported the fused sound (“ta” in the McGurk test), while others showed inconsistent fusion or reported the correct sound.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Preferential Looking Paradigm?

The Preferential Looking Paradigm is a research method used to measure infants' and toddlers' looking and listening behaviors towards visual and auditory stimuli.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens in the Preferential Looking Paradigm procedure?

In the Preferential Looking Paradigm, children are shown two pictures and tested on whether they correctly identify the picture when a word is spoken. They go through learning trials and are asked to choose the correct picture. Their ability to remember the word-picture pairing is tested.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happened in the Houston et al. study?

Houston et al. (2008) used the Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm to study word learning in deaf children with cochlear implants. They compared 25 prelingually deaf children (21-40 months old, CI prior to 2 years) to 23 normal-hearing 12-month-olds, 23 15-month-olds, 25 18-month-olds, 28 21-month-olds, and 25 age-matched controls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the findings of the Houston et al. study?

Normal-hearing 12-month-olds couldn't distinguish word-picture pairings. 18-month-olds showed some learning. By 21 months, children could reliably learn the mapping. Children with cochlear implants implanted at 16-21.4 months struggled with object mapping, while those implanted earlier performed similarly to normal-hearing children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is shape bias?

Shape bias is the tendency for infants and children (and adults) to generalize information about objects based on their shapes, rather than their colors, materials, sizes, or textures when learning nouns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

At what age do children have shape bias?

Children typically develop shape bias around 18 months of age.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happened in the Perry et al. study?

Perry et al. (2010) investigated whether children with hearing loss demonstrate shape bias while generating novel words. They compared 20 children with hearing loss (14 using cochlear implants, 6 using hearing aids) to 20 age-matched normally hearing children and 20 vocabulary-matched normally hearing children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What were the results of the Perry et al. study?

Children with hearing loss were significantly less likely than age-matched and vocabulary-matched normally hearing children to generalize novel names to objects of the same shape.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Word Learning in Children with Hearing Loss

  • Prevalence of Deafness in the UK: Approximately 1-2 out of every 1000 children are born deaf.

Causes of Childhood Hearing Loss

  • Infections
  • Premature birth
  • Low birth weight
  • Birth injuries
  • Maternal drug or alcohol use during pregnancy
  • Maternal diabetes
  • High blood pressure during pregnancy
  • Genetics

Treatment Options

  • Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss: Hearing aids
  • Severe to Profound Hearing Loss: Cochlear implants

Cochlear Implants

  • Stimulate auditory nerves with electrical impulses
  • Provide a sensation of sound, but don't restore full hearing

Predictors of Language Outcome

  • Audiological factors
  • Demographic factors
  • Environmental factors
  • Language input

Vocabulary Size Study (Ingvalson et al.)

  • Compared 31 children with normal hearing to 31 with hearing loss.
  • Used Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test & a receptive one-word picture vocabulary test.
  • Tested at 3-4 years and again 6 months later.
  • Normal hearing children demonstrated larger vocabularies.

Word Segmentation by Infants

  • By 7.5 months, infants can segment words based on predominant stress patterns.
  • Studies used familiarization with words like "askingdom" and "hamlet"

Visual Habituation Paradigm

  • A method to study infant discrimination of stimuli through measuring preferential looking times.

Segal, Houston, Kishon-Rabin Study

  • Examined 20 children with cochlear implants (22-33 months old, 1-6 months CI use) and 48 normal hearing infants.
  • Assessed habituation time to visual stimuli and look-away rate during habituation.
  • Deaf infants habituated slower and had lower look-away rates compared to hearing infants.
  • Infants with cochlear implants showed reduced discrimination of stress patterns.

Audiovisual Association

  • Mapping sounds and disambiguating motion stimuli in noisy environments.

McGurk Effect

  • A perceptual phenomenon where visual and auditory speech inputs interact, potentially leading to misperceptions.
  • Visual input can override auditory information.

Multi-modal Perception

  • Multiple senses working together to perceive the world.

Schorr et al. Study (McGurk Effect in Deaf Children)

  • Involved children (5-14 years old) with profound deafness and a minimum of 1 year of CI experience, plus age-matched controls.
  • Participants watched and listened to audiovisual stimuli and identified the perceived syllables.
  • Congruent audiovisual stimuli ("pa", "ka") were correctly identified more reliably by normal-hearing children.
  • For incongruent stimuli (McGurk effect), performance varied significantly among deaf children.

Preferential Looking Paradigm

  • Used to measure infant/toddler looking/listening behaviors to stimuli.
  • Children shown two pictures with a word spoken, and the focus is whether they choose the correct matching picture.
  • Repeated trials determine if learning and memory occur.

Houston et al. Study (Word Learning in Deaf Children)

  • Used intermodal preferential looking paradigm in a group of deaf children with cochlear implants (21-40 months) and age-matched controls.
  • Tested their ability to learn novel word/object pairings.
  • Normal hearing 12 month-olds couldn't reliably map words to objects; 18 months showed initial learning; 21 months demonstrated similar learning to normal-hearing controls. Children with earlier implants performed better

Shape Bias

  • A tendency to generalize information about object shapes rather than other features (color, texture, etc.) when learning nouns.

Shape Bias Development

  • Appears around 18 months of age.

Perry et al. Study (Shape Bias in Deaf Children)

  • Tested whether deaf children (with CI or hearing aids) demonstrated shape bias during novel word learning, comparing vocabularies.
  • Compared 20 children with hearing loss to age-matched and vocabulary-matched normal hearing controls..
  • Children with hearing loss were less likely to generalize novel words to objects of the same shape.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz explores the challenges and treatment options for children with hearing loss, including the prevalence of deafness and the impact of cochlear implants. It also examines the predictors of language outcomes and vocabulary development in children with hearing impairment. Test your knowledge on this critical topic!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser