Soc 100 Final Medium Exam

<p>It can seem fair while having discriminatory outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are singled out for unequal treatment based on characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To simplify the perception of new information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A policy that disadvantages a certain group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigging the competition to favor certain groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased labor market value of education and pooling of high incomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engaging in unpaid internships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights overlapping privileges and disadvantages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shapes perceptions of merit, hard work, and opportunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass ceiling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass escalator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Token (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have consistently been devalued in society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devaluation of traditional female roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They give girls traditionally male toys but not vice versa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit reference groups from previous generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their mistakes affirm stereotypes about their group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth is everything you own minus everything you owe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A White family's median wealth is nine times greater than that of a Black family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The FHA refused to subsidize mortgages in black neighborhoods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth illustrates the accumulation of racial advantages and disadvantages over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desired standard of living. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racism is largely limited to historical contexts and is a thing of the past. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth disparities reinforce racial inequalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Income includes all sources of financial payments, while wealth is a net total. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have created long-term consequences for home ownership and wealth accumulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Status is determined by birth and divinely ordained. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opportunity to get ahead is available to all. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fluctuations in social class from one generation to another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by changes in the economy rather than individual efforts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is comparable to the levels found in France and England. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance the strength and persistence of the caste hierarchy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nobility who owned land and held power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social class is determined only by wealth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enforcement by informal norms and social sanctions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General improvements in the economy benefiting many individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ranking system in society where higher-ranked groups receive more valued resources (health, power, respect).

A belief about a group of people, often simplified and potentially inaccurate.

A negative attitude based on group membership, assuming negative qualities.

Acting on prejudice, treating people unequally due to group membership.

One person acting unequally towards another based on their group membership.

Unfair systems, policies or practices that disadvantage certain groups.

A group unfairly treated based on physical or cultural characteristics.

Women earn less than men for the same work.

An invisible barrier preventing women from advancing in their careers.

A minority member who is in a leadership position, but seen as representing their entire group.

Men quickly advance in female-dominated jobs.

Men have experienced little change in opportunity compared to women over time.

Jobs and activities stereotypically associated with women have historically been undervalued in society.

When judging progress (salary or status), we look at previous generations of our own social class and sex.

Parents tend give stereotypical toys, often the 'male' toy to the girl, but not the other way around.

Women increase participation in historically male professions and activities.

A social hierarchy where one's position is determined at birth and remains fixed.

The justification or reason given for why a system of social stratification is fair.

A social hierarchy based on economic factors like income, wealth, and occupation.

The movement of individuals or groups between different positions in a social hierarchy.

Changes in social class across generations within a family.

Changes in the economy that create opportunities for people to move up in social class.

Unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior in a society.

Consequences, both positive and negative, for following or breaking social norms.

A social hierarchy system common in medieval Europe, with distinct estates based on birth.

Credit agencies' data, despite appearing neutral, often reflects racial bias, leading to lower credit scores and higher loan costs for minority groups.

Net Worth (total assets minus total liabilities). It represents accumulated resources held by an individual or family.

Significant differences in the accumulated wealth between different racial groups.

Past racial bias, especially in housing and lending, significantly contributes to wealth disparities today.

Wealth refers to the total value of assets, whilst income reflects current earnings. Wealth represents long-term accumulated resources, while income is a flow of resources.

Minority borrowers frequently pay significantly more over the life of their mortgage due to lower credit scores and related discriminatory practices.

The way racism is embedded in laws and policies that create unfair advantages or disadvantages based on race.

The perception that racism is no longer a major issue in modern society, even though it continues to contribute to inequality.

Shapiro argues wealth disparity effectively mirrors and perpetuates racial disadvantages and advantages accumulated over generations.

Existing racial wealth gaps tend to perpetuate themselves, creating a cycle of disadvantage for minority groups.

When the upper middle class benefits from valuable, scarce opportunities that are allocated in an uncompetitive way, often through connections and unfair advantages.

A work experience typically required for professional jobs, but often inaccessible to those without social connections or financial resources.

Unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, power, and influence based on social class.

The overlapping and interconnected nature of social identities, highlighting how privilege and disadvantage can be experienced simultaneously based on group memberships.

Class inequality shapes the life course of individuals by limiting access to opportunities and resources, creating an uneven playing field for advancement.