Windows Command Prompt Mastery

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To automate programs without user interaction

It produces different results

<p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current working directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mkdir</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manipulate groups of files with similar names</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is free</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is in high demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CLIs are text-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to automate manual tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To specify tasks for the C compiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Windows shell is not case-sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Returns the previous command</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directories are organized in a tree structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A backslash</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A backslash</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The list of parent directories leading to the file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streams are sequences of characters that may be associated with a file or a physical device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computer screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To redirect output from standard output to a file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal the end of an input stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing only one program to access a resource at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing universal functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A file system is a type of index used by the operating system to organize and locate files on a storage device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hierarchical file system is a system where directories are organized in a tree-like structure, starting from the root directory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The root directory is the starting point of the hierarchical file system, represented by a backslash. It does not have a name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subdirectories help to categorize and organize files within directories, allowing for better file management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some advantages of using the shell include the ability to automate manual tasks, improve productivity, and collect commands into scripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The easiest way to open the Windows command shell is to press the keyboard shortcut Win + R, enter 'cmd', and hit Enter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, the Windows shell is not case-sensitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You can view your command history by typing 'doskey /history' in the shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main functions of an operating system are to coordinate safe and efficient access to system resources, provide abstractions to isolate application programs and users from low-level hardware details, and provide system utilities or commands for universal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safe coordination in an operating system ensures that only one application program can access a particular system resource at a time, preventing conflicts and ensuring data integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operating system provides efficient coordination by suspending the execution of programs waiting for input/output operations to be completed, allowing other programs to execute in the meantime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The benefit of using input redirection in programming is that it removes the tedium of typing lots of values and allows programs to be automated without waiting for user interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input redirection using a text file differs from manually typing integral values in the shell in that it allows the contents of a text file to be used as input to the program, removing the need to manually type the values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An implicit End-of-File character is generated when the program reads the last character in the file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streams in operating systems provide a flexible, portable, and efficient means of input and output (I/O). They allow programs to read input data and write output data from a variety of devices without having to handle the details of each individual device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A text stream is a sequence of characters divided into lines, while a binary stream is a sequence of unprocessed bytes that are unreadable using a text editor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every program is provided three I/O streams: standard input (stdin) for reading input, standard output (stdout) for writing output, and standard error (stderr) for writing error or diagnostic messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input redirection can be achieved by using a redirection operator to redirect input from the default keyboard device to a file. Similarly, output redirection can be achieved by using a redirection operator to redirect output from the default computer screen to a file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'cd' command is used to change directories in the Windows shell. For example, to change the current working directory to the parent directory, the command would be 'cd ..'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'mkdir' command is used to create a new directory in the current working directory. For example, to create a new directory named 'folder', the command would be 'mkdir folder'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'help' command is used to display built-in help information on a specific command. For example, to get help on the 'chdir' command, the command would be 'help chdir'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wildcards are used to specify groups of files whose names have something in common. Two commonly used wildcards are the question mark '?' which represents zero or a single character, and the asterisk '*' which represents zero or more characters. For example, to move all files from the current working directory to a subdirectory, the command would be 'move * subdirectory'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shell is a text-based CLI program that acts as a command interpreter. It takes commands from the keyboard, passes them to the operating system for execution, and displays the results on the screen. It allows users to efficiently interact with the system by launching programs, running a string of commands as a single command, and automating tasks through scripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programmers prefer using a shell because it increases productivity and is an important part of the tool chain. It allows them to efficiently interact with the system, launch programs, pipe the output of one command to another, and automate tasks through scripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Command-line interfaces (CLIs) are text-based interfaces that rely on keyboard input, while graphical user interfaces (GUIs) provide direct user interaction through menus, buttons, and a mouse device. CLIs are preferred by programmers for efficiency and productivity, while GUIs are preferred by ordinary users for their visually intuitive interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experience in Linux is beneficial for software developers and engineers because it is a free, versatile, and widely used operating system. Linux is present in various systems and devices, such as servers, in-vehicle infotainment systems, consumer electronics, and industrial applications. It is a necessary requirement for most software development jobs and offers opportunities for gaining in-demand job skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wsl</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bash</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>up-arrow key</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To autocomplete filenames</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prints the contents of a file to the shell's window</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use piping to redirect the program's output as input to another program</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mkdir</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To resolve the portability issue of Unix applications across hardware, operating systems, and vendors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a variant of Unix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both plain text using a terminal and through a GUI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To rapidly prototype new tools and programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kernel is responsible for managing hardware resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a command interpreter for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide powerful tools that do a single task extremely well</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow developers to run a Linux environment directly on Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cd = Change the current working directory pwd = Print the current working directory ls = List the contents of a directory mv = Move or rename files</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>. = The current working directory .. = The parent directory / = The root directory ~ = The home directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>touch = Create a new, empty file cp = Copy files rm = Remove files cat = Concatenate and display file content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>= Matches zero or more characters ? = Matches exactly one character [abc] = Matches any one of the enclosed characters [!abc] = Matches any character except those enclosed</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cd = Change the current working directory rm -r = Delete directory hierarchies man = Research a command manual exit = Quit the Linux shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rm -r = Deleting directories with additional options man rm = Researching command manual for 'rm' cd /dir = Changing current working directory to '/dir' exit = Closing the Linux or Windows shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cd = Navigating through directories man = Accessing the manual of a command rm -r = Removing directory hierarchies exit = Exiting the shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Launch a Windows shell and set current working directory to = Starts a command prompt and changes the current working directory stats-win.exe &gt;&gt; output.txt 10 5 20 12 3 8 Ctrl+D 1 2 3 = Runs a program that generates random numbers and redirects the output to a text file type output.txt = Displays the contents of a text file in the command prompt help | more = Displays the help content one page at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piping = A form of redirection where a program's output is used as input for another program stdout = Standard output, where a program writes its output data Command prompt = A text-based interface used to execute commands Redirection = A process of changing the default data flow direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>printints-win.exe 1000 = Generates 1000 random numbers stats-win.exe &lt; input.1 txt &gt; output.txt = Reads input from a text file, executes a program, and redirects the output to another text file C:\sandbox&gt;type output.txt = Displays the contents of a text file C:\sandbox&gt;help | more = Presents the help contents one screen at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wsl = Command to switch into Linux from Windows echo $SHELL = Command to determine the system's default shell cd = Command to change directories in a Linux bash shell cp = Command to copy a file in the Linux bash shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auto filename completion = Completes the filename for you if it is the only one in the current directory that begins with the input sequence of characters Command history = Allows you to navigate through previous commands using up-arrow and down-arrow keys echo $0 = Command to determine the current shell being used . = Can be used to re-execute a previous command from the command history</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up-arrow key = Brings up the previous command Down-arrow key = Brings back the blank line Ctrl+e = Goes back through the command history Ctrl+y = Repeats a previous command without change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>/mnt/c/sandbox = Linux C:\sandbox = Windows / = Root directory in Linux C:\ = Root directory in Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unix was first fabricated = 1969 Berkeley Unix added TCP/IP networking features = 1980 The POSIX standard was developed = 1980s Linux was developed = 1991</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unix = A popular operating system originating from AT&amp;T Bell Labs C = A high-level programming language invented to implement Unix Berkeley Unix = A variant of Unix developed at the Berkeley campus of the University of California POSIX = A standard developed to resolve the portability issue among different flavors of Unix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>printints-win.exe = Generate a large set of random numbers in text file stats-win.exe &lt; random.txt = Compute the mean and median of values from a text file printints-win.exe 1000 | stats-win.exe = Generate a large set of random numbers and compute their mean and median in a single step exit = Close the Windows shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AT&amp;T Bell Labs = Fabricated the first Unix operating system Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie = Rewrote Unix in C Berkeley campus of the University of California = Introduced Berkeley Unix Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency = Requested for the addition of TCP/IP networking features to Berkeley Unix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kernel = The core of the operating system that provides low-level device, memory and CPU management functions Shell = A text-based command-line interface program that interprets user commands System utilities = Powerful tools that perform a specific task extremely well Application programs = Open-source applications provided by most versions of Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>grep = Finds text inside files wc = Prints statistics related to the text in a file including the counts of number of words, lines and bytes bash = A command-line shell that interprets user commands GCC = A collection of open-source compilers and interpreters for various programming languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kernel = Dealing with interrupts from hardware devices Shell = Takes commands from the keyboard and passes them to the kernel for execution System utilities = Accomplishing universal functions such as printing, text editing, file maintenance, maintaining file permissions Application programs = Providing open-source applications such as text editors, a powerful typesetting language, image viewers, C and C++ compilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bourne shell = Linux Korn shell = Linux Bourne Again shell (bash) = Linux Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) = Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linux = A multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that is hardware independent and supports multiple styles of user interface Orbis OS = Operating system used in PlayStation 4 AIX = IBM's version of Unix Windows = An operating system not initially designed for multi-user, multi-tasking and is specific to certain hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multi-user, multi-tasking = Allows multiple users to have multiple tasks running simultaneously Hardware independent = Can function consistently across a heterogeneous mix of computers, vendors, and special-purpose hardware Supports multiple styles of user interface = Can operate in plain text using a terminal or through a Graphical User Interface (GUI) Software development environment = Consists of a toolkit with many system utilities that improve the productivity of programmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Command line languages = Korn shell, Bourne shell are examples and are part of the unchanging basics System calls = Part of the unchanging basics and can be used for decades Software development utilities = &quot;make&quot; is an example and is part of the unchanging basics Networking libraries = Part of the unchanging basics and can be used for decades</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open-source software = Most active in the Linux world and usually equal to, or superior to, their proprietary equivalents Proprietary software = Not as active in the Linux world and usually not as good as their open-source equivalents Linux = The one indispensable core technology of the entire Internet and the World Wide Web GUI-based operating systems = Operating systems such as Windows 10 and macOS that carry the complexity overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GCC and Clang</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ISO C++ compilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable C11 language features</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Werror</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Wpedantic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Wextra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gcc</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-std=c11</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Werror</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces no warnings or errors when compiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GCC can run on most platforms and can cross-compile programs for different systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preprocessing, compiling, and linking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps the compiler identify the end of the source code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gcc -std=c11 -pedantic-errors -Wstrict-prototypes -Wall -Wextra -Werror q.c -o q.out</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To display output on the console</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To redirect program output to a file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compiler warnings indicate possible problems but do not prevent successful compilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output may be corrupted or produce unexpected results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The -Wformat= option converts format warnings into errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Read and address all compiler warnings to ensure the program functions as intended.</p> Signup and view all the answers