Wind Energy Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of wind energy?

  • Solar radiation (correct)
  • Oceans
  • Movement of air from hot to cold regions
  • Volcanic eruptions

Why are windmills generally made of composite materials like fibrereinforced plastic?

  • For ease of manufacturing and high strength to weight ratio (correct)
  • To attract more wind energy
  • Due to high cost and rarity of the material
  • Because they are transparent and visually appealing

Which type of windmill is used to convert the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical work?

  • Multibladed windmill
  • Horizontal axis windmill (correct)
  • Vertical axis windmill
  • Three bladed windmill

What is a key advantage of wind energy?

<p>Is freely and abundantly available in nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does wind energy contribute to electricity production?

<p>Driving a generator in windmills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results in the motion of wind according to the text?

<p>Uneven heating of atmosphere by sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a solar furnace?

<p>To study the properties of materials at high temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tank located in a solar water heater system?

<p>Above the level of the collector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a solar pond electric power plant convert into electricity?

<p>Solar radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a solar passive heating system, what direction does the sun rays come from in the northern hemisphere?

<p>South (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of a solar furnace?

<p>High rate of heating with intense radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the flat plate collector do in a solar water heater system?

<p>Convert solar radiation into heat energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed for natural circulation to occur in a solar water heater system?

<p>Collector and water tank at different levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows for easy control of temperature in a solar furnace?

<p>Heliostats concentrating solar rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy does a fuel cell convert into electrical energy?

<p>Chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of wind energy mentioned in the text?

<p>Generates only low power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways solar energy can be used as mentioned in the text?

<p>Directly as thermal energy and indirectly using solar photovoltaic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a solar collector in a solar thermal system?

<p>Absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to a fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the three zones of a solar pond according to the text?

<p>Salt concentration gradient in the pond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does heated brine water remain at the bottom of a solar pond?

<p>Higher salt concentration and density in the brine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a solar pond technology?

<p>To serve as a large flat collector and thermal storage system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a solar collector transport heat within a solar thermal system?

<p>By transferring it to a fluid passing through the collector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes solar energy collectors similar to heat converters?

<p>They both absorb and convert solar energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources aim to use solar energy?

<p>For desalination of saline water and village electrification. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is solar energy commonly available in most places in India?

<p>As 5-7.5 kWh/m^2 during daytime from sunrise to sunset. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electrolyte in a fuel cell?

<p>Separates the fuel and oxidant without mixing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a fuel cell helps to drive electrons through the external circuit load?

<p>Gibbs free energy charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the remaining hydrogen ions at the anode in a fuel cell?

<p>Enter the electrolyte through porous walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are electrodes made porous in a fuel cell?

<p>To increase the area of interface between reactants, electrolyte, and electrodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the performance limiting factors of a fuel cell?

<p>Corrosion of electrodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concentration polarization in a fuel cell?

<p>The loss of potential due to initial concentration changes at electrodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing pressure affect a fuel cell's output?

<p>Increases electricity generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a catalyst play in a fuel cell?

<p>Promotes electrochemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a fuel cell have high electrode activity?

<p>To generate high current densities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a fuel cell's electrodes degrade or corrode?

<p>Loss of performance efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes resistance polarization in electrolytes?

<p>Movement of ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fuel cells considered non-polluting?

<p>They produce water as a waste product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of fuel cells related to their lifespan?

<p>Heavy corrosion of electrodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the potential energy in tides be utilized?

<p>By using it to generate electric power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the formation of tides on Earth?

<p>Combined gravitational pull of the moon and sun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can fuel cells be installed in residential areas?

<p>They are non-polluting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using fuel cells for propulsion?

<p>Reduction in battery usage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the moon's gravitational pull impact high tides on Earth?

<p>Pulls water towards itself (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do fuel cells operate quietly?

<p>Minimal moving parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows fuel cells to easily meet varying customer loads?

<p>Requirement of less installation area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of tidal energy?

<p>Difference in water levels between high tides and low tides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential energy of water that can be harnessed in a tidal power plant?

<p>Difference in water levels between high tides and low tides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the modes of operation of a tidal power plant?

<p>Two-way generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component forms a barrier between the sea and the reservoir/basin of a tidal power plant?

<p>Dam or dyke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the feasibility factors for the construction of a tidal power plant?

<p>Low silt content in water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a merit of tidal energy according to the text?

<p>It is free from pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the minimum tidal range for economical power production from tidal energy?

<p>$5 m$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sluiceways in a tidal power plant?

<p>Empty the basin during low tides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ebb generation refer to in a tidal power plant?

<p>Power generation during low tides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the site of a tidal power plant be well protected according to the text?

<p>To avoid high wave action during storms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of tidal energy according to the text?

<p>Dependency on the timing of tides for power supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the efficiency of a tidal power plant?

<p>Variable tidal range (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy density of biogas approximately according to the text?

<p>23 MJ/m³ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas constitutes the largest percentage in biogas composition?

<p>Methane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process helps in converting biomass into biogas?

<p>Anaerobic digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are anaerobic bacteria involved in biogas production commonly known as?

<p>Methane producers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does silt deposition affect tidal basin operation?

<p>Causes regular costly removal processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is power output from tidal energy not continuous?

<p>Based on the timing of tides and lunar cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biogas digester or plant?

<p>To convert wet biomass into biogas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the anaerobic fermentation process in a biogas digester?

<p>Methane or biogas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the residuals or nutrients remaining in the wet biomass slurry after the conversion process provide?

<p>Natural fertilizers and humus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy can biogas provide compared to the dry biomass during combustion?

<p>60-75% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does the hydrolysis stage of converting biomass to biogas take place?

<p>25°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do acid-forming bacteria play in the anaerobic digestion process?

<p>Grow rapidly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to neither overload nor underload a biogas digester?

<p>Reduces biogas production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Seeding' of digestion slurry with methane-forming bacteria is done to:

<p>Increase biogas generation rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Anaerobic digestion' is carried out in:

<p>'Airtight enclosures' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some raw materials used for biogas production?

<p>Waste, cultivated material, and harvested material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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