68 Questions
How is wind energy primarily induced in the atmosphere?
By the uneven heating of Earth's surface by the sun
What is the primary function of a windmill?
To convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical work
What material are the blades of windmills typically made of?
Fiber-reinforced plastic
Why are windmills classified based on the number of blades they have?
To illustrate design differences
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wind energy?
Causes pollution to the environment
What is the main purpose of wind energy utilization?
To generate electricity and run water pumps
What is the purpose of the porous nickel material used in the electrodes of a fuel cell?
To allow better contact between gas, electrolyte, and electrode
Which factor contributes to the performance limiting factors of a fuel cell related to reactivity?
Use of catalysts
What is the main cause of concentration polarization in a fuel cell?
Depletion of reactants at the electrodes
In a fuel cell, what happens to negative oxygen ions from the cathode side?
They enter the electrolyte
What is an essential characteristic for the electrodes of a fuel cell to have high electrode activity?
Corrosion resistance
What is the function of concentrated phosphoric acid in a fuel cell?
To provide a medium for ion transfer between electrodes
What does invariance refer to in relation to the performance of a fuel cell?
Lack of change in cell's performance over time
What is one disadvantage of wind energy mentioned in the text?
Cannot produce steady power
How can solar energy be used indirectly?
By using solar photovoltaic cells
What is the purpose of a solar collector in a solar thermal system?
To absorb solar energy and transfer it to a fluid
What is one of the uses of solar energy mentioned for village electrification?
Street lighting
What is the primary function of a solar pond?
To ensure brine water remains at the bottom
What does the term 'Solar Collector' refer to?
A device to collect solar radiation and transfer absorbed energy to a fluid
In a solar pond, what is the role of the non-convective zone?
To ensure a brine gradient is not disturbed
How does solar energy differ from wind energy based on the text?
Solar energy is available during daytime only
Why is solar energy considered cheap according to the provided information?
It is abundantly available and renewable
What is one advantage of a solar pond over an ordinary pond?
Solar pond technology maintains heated brine water at the bottom due to density difference
What is the purpose of a solar pond electric power plant?
To convert solar radiation into electricity
In a solar water heater system, where is the tank located in relation to the collector?
Above the collector
What is the function of an auxiliary heating system in a water heating system?
To provide heating during cloudy days
What is the main advantage of using a solar furnace?
Provides pure heating without contamination
Why does a solar furnace have a system of sun tracking?
To direct solar radiation onto a paraboloidal collector
What is a key characteristic of passive heating in buildings?
Utilizes convection, radiation, and conduction processes
In a solar passive heating system, why is the south-facing wall made thick with concrete or stones?
To store maximum heat energy from incident solar radiation
What type of energy conversion occurs in a fuel cell?
Chemical energy to electrical energy
Why is it advantageous that a solar furnace provides easy observation of test materials while heating?
(iii) To allow monitoring during experiments
What is a limitation associated with using a solar furnace?
High cost of equipment.
What is the source of tidal energy?
Difference in water levels between high tides and low tides
In a tidal power plant, what is the role of the reservoir behind an embankment or barrage?
To fill up during high tides and release water through turbines during low tides
What is the minimum tidal range required for the working of a tidal power plant?
5 meters
Which mode of operation in a tidal power plant involves power generation during both low and high tides?
Two-way generation
What is the main function of the dam or dyke in a tidal power plant?
To form a barrier between the sea and the reservoir/basin
Why should the site of a tidal power plant not cause interruption to shipping traffic?
To ensure safe navigation for ships
What factor determines the feasibility of a tidal power plant related to silt?
Silt content in water at the tidal site
What are the merits of tidal energy mentioned in the text?
Pollution free and adversely affected by variations of weather
What is the main reason for resistance polarization in a fuel cell?
Movement of ions through the electrolyte
Why can fuel cells be installed near the load point?
To avoid the need for transmission lines
What is the waste product when fuel cells operate with hydrogen as fuel?
Water
What causes heavy corrosion of electrodes in a fuel cell, reducing its lifespan?
Degradation of electrodes and electrolyte
How do tides produce potential energy?
Through gravitational attraction of the sun and moon
What is the term used to describe the difference in level between high and low tides?
Tidal range
Why does water move from poles to equator in relation to tides?
As a result of gravitational pull from the moon
What is the effect of the sun's gravitational pull compared to that of the moon?
2.2 times stronger
'Levelling of load' in power plants using fuel cells refers to what process?
Converting power into hydrogen and oxygen gases through electrolysis
Why are fuel cells suitable for providing power in remote areas?
Absence of transmission lines
What is the biochemical process involved in converting biomass into biogas?
Hydrolysis
What is one of the main benefits of anaerobic digestion mentioned in the text?
Obtaining energy from waste
What is the purpose of seeding digestion slurry with methane forming bacteria?
To increase anaerobic digestion rate
Which stage of the biochemical conversion process involves the breakdown of complex compounds into simpler soluble compounds?
Hydrolysis of organic matter
What is the recommended pH value for the digestion of biomass slurry?
7-8
In anaerobic digestion, why is neither overloading nor underloading of the digester desirable?
To maintain a balanced microbial ecosystem
'What are the residuals left after the conversion process, and what purpose do they serve?' Which of the following provides the most accurate answer?
'They provide excellent natural fertilizers and humus.'
'What is airtight equipment used for in biogas production?' Which option below best answers this question?
'To favor biogas or methane production'
'What is the primary output of anaerobic and faculative microorganisms during the conversion process?' Which of the following gives the most accurate response?
'Carbon dioxide'
What does 'feeding supply per day to the digester' refer to?
The loading rate of organic material slurry to the digester daily
What is the main reason for the high transmission cost of power in tidal energy?
Distance of suitable sites from load centers
What is the composition of biogas obtained from biomass during anaerobic digestion?
Methane (CH4), Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Which factor favors the anaerobic digestion or fermentation process of wet biomass by bacteria?
Warmness, wetness, darkness
Why does the construction period of a dam for a tidal basin take a long time?
Sedimentation in the basin
What is the primary energy source for biogas production?
Biomass
What are anaerobes in the context of biogas production?
Microorganisms that grow in organic matter without air or oxygen
Why is the supply of power from tidal energy not continuous?
Power output varies with lunar cycle
Learn about wind energy and how it is generated through the movement of air masses due to uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. Explore how wind energy can be harnessed to produce electricity using windmills and generators.
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