Wind Energy Basics

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Questions and Answers

How is wind energy primarily induced in the atmosphere?

  • By the uneven heating of Earth's surface by the sun (correct)
  • By the rotation of the Earth
  • By the movement of large masses of air from hot to cold regions
  • By the gravitational pull of the moon

What is the primary function of a windmill?

  • To generate geothermal power
  • To convert solar energy into electricity
  • To extract water from the ground
  • To convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical work (correct)

What material are the blades of windmills typically made of?

  • Fiber-reinforced plastic (correct)
  • Stainless Steel
  • Aluminum
  • Copper

Why are windmills classified based on the number of blades they have?

<p>To illustrate design differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wind energy?

<p>Causes pollution to the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of wind energy utilization?

<p>To generate electricity and run water pumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the porous nickel material used in the electrodes of a fuel cell?

<p>To allow better contact between gas, electrolyte, and electrode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the performance limiting factors of a fuel cell related to reactivity?

<p>Use of catalysts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of concentration polarization in a fuel cell?

<p>Depletion of reactants at the electrodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a fuel cell, what happens to negative oxygen ions from the cathode side?

<p>They enter the electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic for the electrodes of a fuel cell to have high electrode activity?

<p>Corrosion resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of concentrated phosphoric acid in a fuel cell?

<p>To provide a medium for ion transfer between electrodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does invariance refer to in relation to the performance of a fuel cell?

<p>Lack of change in cell's performance over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of wind energy mentioned in the text?

<p>Cannot produce steady power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can solar energy be used indirectly?

<p>By using solar photovoltaic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a solar collector in a solar thermal system?

<p>To absorb solar energy and transfer it to a fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of solar energy mentioned for village electrification?

<p>Street lighting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a solar pond?

<p>To ensure brine water remains at the bottom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Solar Collector' refer to?

<p>A device to collect solar radiation and transfer absorbed energy to a fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a solar pond, what is the role of the non-convective zone?

<p>To ensure a brine gradient is not disturbed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does solar energy differ from wind energy based on the text?

<p>Solar energy is available during daytime only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is solar energy considered cheap according to the provided information?

<p>It is abundantly available and renewable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of a solar pond over an ordinary pond?

<p>Solar pond technology maintains heated brine water at the bottom due to density difference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a solar pond electric power plant?

<p>To convert solar radiation into electricity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a solar water heater system, where is the tank located in relation to the collector?

<p>Above the collector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an auxiliary heating system in a water heating system?

<p>To provide heating during cloudy days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a solar furnace?

<p>Provides pure heating without contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a solar furnace have a system of sun tracking?

<p>To direct solar radiation onto a paraboloidal collector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of passive heating in buildings?

<p>Utilizes convection, radiation, and conduction processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a solar passive heating system, why is the south-facing wall made thick with concrete or stones?

<p>To store maximum heat energy from incident solar radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy conversion occurs in a fuel cell?

<p>Chemical energy to electrical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advantageous that a solar furnace provides easy observation of test materials while heating?

<p>(iii) To allow monitoring during experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation associated with using a solar furnace?

<p>High cost of equipment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of tidal energy?

<p>Difference in water levels between high tides and low tides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a tidal power plant, what is the role of the reservoir behind an embankment or barrage?

<p>To fill up during high tides and release water through turbines during low tides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tidal range required for the working of a tidal power plant?

<p>5 meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of operation in a tidal power plant involves power generation during both low and high tides?

<p>Two-way generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the dam or dyke in a tidal power plant?

<p>To form a barrier between the sea and the reservoir/basin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the site of a tidal power plant not cause interruption to shipping traffic?

<p>To ensure safe navigation for ships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the feasibility of a tidal power plant related to silt?

<p>Silt content in water at the tidal site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the merits of tidal energy mentioned in the text?

<p><strong>Pollution free</strong> and <strong>adversely affected by variations of weather</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for resistance polarization in a fuel cell?

<p>Movement of ions through the electrolyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can fuel cells be installed near the load point?

<p>To avoid the need for transmission lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product when fuel cells operate with hydrogen as fuel?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes heavy corrosion of electrodes in a fuel cell, reducing its lifespan?

<p>Degradation of electrodes and electrolyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tides produce potential energy?

<p>Through gravitational attraction of the sun and moon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the difference in level between high and low tides?

<p>Tidal range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water move from poles to equator in relation to tides?

<p>As a result of gravitational pull from the moon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the sun's gravitational pull compared to that of the moon?

<p>2.2 times stronger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Levelling of load' in power plants using fuel cells refers to what process?

<p>Converting power into hydrogen and oxygen gases through electrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fuel cells suitable for providing power in remote areas?

<p>Absence of transmission lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical process involved in converting biomass into biogas?

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of anaerobic digestion mentioned in the text?

<p>Obtaining energy from waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of seeding digestion slurry with methane forming bacteria?

<p>To increase anaerobic digestion rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the biochemical conversion process involves the breakdown of complex compounds into simpler soluble compounds?

<p>Hydrolysis of organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended pH value for the digestion of biomass slurry?

<p>7-8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anaerobic digestion, why is neither overloading nor underloading of the digester desirable?

<p>To maintain a balanced microbial ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What are the residuals left after the conversion process, and what purpose do they serve?' Which of the following provides the most accurate answer?

<p>'They provide excellent natural fertilizers and humus.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is airtight equipment used for in biogas production?' Which option below best answers this question?

<p>'To favor biogas or methane production' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is the primary output of anaerobic and faculative microorganisms during the conversion process?' Which of the following gives the most accurate response?

<p>'Carbon dioxide' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'feeding supply per day to the digester' refer to?

<p>The loading rate of organic material slurry to the digester daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high transmission cost of power in tidal energy?

<p>Distance of suitable sites from load centers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of biogas obtained from biomass during anaerobic digestion?

<p>Methane (CH4), Carbon dioxide (CO2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor favors the anaerobic digestion or fermentation process of wet biomass by bacteria?

<p>Warmness, wetness, darkness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the construction period of a dam for a tidal basin take a long time?

<p>Sedimentation in the basin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for biogas production?

<p>Biomass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are anaerobes in the context of biogas production?

<p>Microorganisms that grow in organic matter without air or oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the supply of power from tidal energy not continuous?

<p>Power output varies with lunar cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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