WHO Exercise Guidelines for All Ages
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary benefit of regular exercise for the cardiovascular system?

  • Increased heart rate variability
  • Reduced risk of heart disease
  • Improved blood flow and oxygen delivery (correct)
  • Enhanced blood pressure regulation
  • How does exercise benefit people with dementia?

  • It reduces the risk of developing dementia
  • It improves memory function
  • It enhances cognitive function (correct)
  • It slows down the progression of cognitive decline
  • What is a key psychological benefit of sports for women?

  • Enhanced leadership skills
  • Reduced anxiety
  • Improved self-esteem (correct)
  • Increased assertiveness
  • Which of the following is NOT a social benefit associated with sports participation for women?

    <p>Improved communication skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exercise contribute to healthier menstruation in girls?

    <p>It reduces pain and discomfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of strong bones in older women?

    <p>Reduced risk of falls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of sports participation in terms of social networks?

    <p>Building a supportive community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sports participation potentially benefit women in their careers?

    <p>Improving time management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological event that marks the beginning of female puberty?

    <p>The first menstrual bleeding (menarche) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence the age of menarche?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might early menarche be advantageous for certain sports?

    <p>It may lead to increased adipose tissue, beneficial for sports requiring more body mass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of having an abnormally high flow of blood during menstruation for athletes?

    <p>Reduced stamina and performance due to blood loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for a menstrual cycle?

    <p>21-35 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a type of menstrual dysfunction?

    <p>Increased muscle growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to physical activity during the period of menarche and menstrual dysfunction?

    <p>Engage in moderate physical activity with appropriate hygiene practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential implication of experiencing frequent fatigue due to excessive blood loss during menstruation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Loss of menstruation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hyperandrogenism?

    <p>Excessive production of male hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Antibiotic therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Excessive food intake followed by intentional vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can disrupt the menstrual cycle?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>To restore the patient's body weight to a healthy level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa involves a persistent lack of appetite, while bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following psychiatric disorders can affect the menstrual cycle?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic behavior of someone with bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Eating huge quantities of food and then purging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common cause of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Genetic predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial part of bulimia nervosa treatment?

    <p>Addressing the underlying psychological issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms suggests someone may be struggling with bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Frequent visits to the bathroom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Damage to tooth enamel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exercises is recommended for correcting shoulder deformity?

    <p>Hold the horizontal bar for some time. (A), Perform chakrasana and dhanurasana regularly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exercises is suggested for the remedy of lordosis?

    <p>Lying on your back and raising your head and legs simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of lordosis?

    <p>Exaggerated inward curve in the spine in the lumbar region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can contribute to scoliosis?

    <p>Carrying heavy loads on one shoulder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a precaution mentioned for lordosis?

    <p>Avoiding studying in a sideways bending position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between lordosis and scoliosis?

    <p>Lordosis affects the lumbar region while scoliosis can affect any part of the spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended exercise for correcting lordosis by raising your head and legs simultaneously?

    <p>Sit-ups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause mentioned for scoliosis?

    <p>Obesity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of lordosis?

    <p>Stiffness and problems with standing and walking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Binge eating

    Consuming large amounts of high-calorie food without hunger.

    Purging

    Self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives to control weight.

    Guilt pangs

    Feelings of guilt after failing to meet eating rules, leading to cycles of binging and purging.

    Causes of Bulimia

    Factors such as bullying, abuse, and low self-esteem that lead to bulimia.

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    Bulimia treatment

    Combination of psychotherapy, family therapy, and nutrition counseling.

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    Lordosis

    An exaggerated inward curve of the spine in the lumbar region.

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    Causes of Lordosis

    Imbalanced diet, obesity, and improper muscle development.

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    Precautions for Lordosis

    Balanced diet, avoid obesity, keep body straight while lifting.

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    Remedies for Lordosis

    Exercises like bending forward and sit-ups help alleviate lordosis.

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    Scoliosis

    Lateral curvature of the spine, often in an 'S' shape.

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    Causes of Scoliosis

    Diseases in bones, poor posture, and heavy load carrying.

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    Precautions for Scoliosis

    Balanced diet and proper study posture should be maintained.

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    Exercising for Scoliosis

    Engaging in exercises and maintaining correct posture helps correction.

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    Shoulder Deformity Remedies

    Exercises to remedy shoulder deformity include rotating elbows and holding a horizontal bar.

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    Functional Deformities

    Deformities affecting only soft tissues, like muscles and ligaments, that can be corrected.

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    Structural Deformities

    Deformities involving the bony structure, often requiring surgery for correction.

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    Kyphosis Exercises

    Exercises to correct kyphosis include lying back with arms raised and trunk lifts in prone position.

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    Lordosis Remedies

    Exercises for lordosis include prone position lifts and bending knees forward.

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    Chakrasana

    A yoga pose intended to help correct postural deformities by enhancing flexibility.

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    Dhanurasana

    A yoga pose that helps improve posture and strength, stretching the front of the body.

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    Corrective Measures Overview

    Physical activities help only functional deformities; surgery may be needed for structural issues.

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    Cardiovascular Efficiency

    Exercise enhances the cardiovascular system's ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients.

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    Stronger Bones

    Regular sports participation improves bone health and reduces osteoporosis risk.

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    Quality of Life

    Physical activity enhances independence and living quality in older women.

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    Mood Improvement

    Sports participation releases endorphins, boosting mood and lowering stress.

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    Cognitive Boost

    Exercise enhances brain power and can improve cognitive function in dementia patients.

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    Self-Esteem

    Women in sports often have higher self-esteem and better body image.

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    Social Networks

    Sports participation creates achievement-based social networks among women.

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    Community Involvement

    Young athletes are more likely to engage in community activities as adults.

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    Menarche

    The first menstrual bleeding marking female puberty.

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    Physiological Changes

    Changes in a woman's body during puberty like increased body mass and height.

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    Menstrual Dysfunction

    Irregular conditions of a woman's menstrual cycle.

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    Normal Menstrual Cycle

    A regular cycle lasting 21 to 35 days with flow lasting 2-7 days.

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    Effects on Sports Performance

    Menstrual dysfunction can lead to reduced ability and fatigue.

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    Age of Menarche

    Typically occurs between ages 12-14, but varies widely.

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    Early vs. Late Menarche

    Early menarche may benefit swimming, late may benefit gymnastics.

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    Consulting a Gynecologist

    Recommended if complications from menstrual dysfunction occur.

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    Hyperandrogenism

    A condition with excessive male hormone production in girls, affecting menstruation.

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    Eating disorders

    Conditions like anorexia and bulimia affecting eating behaviors and health.

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    Anorexia nervosa

    An eating disorder characterized by an obsession with weight and starvation.

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    Symptoms of Anorexia

    Indicators include loss of menstruation, infertility, and fatigue.

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    Bulimia nervosa

    An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain.

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    Hormonal treatment

    Medical intervention aimed at restoring hormone balance, often for menstrual issues.

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    Stress management techniques

    Methods to reduce stress, important for menstrual health.

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    Weight management

    Maintaining a healthy body weight to support menstrual cycle balance.

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    Study Notes

    WHO Exercise Guidelines for Different Age Groups

    • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exercise guidelines for different age groups and physical conditions to promote good health and discourage sedentary behavior.
    • Guidelines specify duration, intensity, and frequency of physical activity.

    Infancy (0-2 years)

    • Infants have limited muscle control but enjoy limb movement.
    • Exercises focusing on head control, crawling, and sitting are encouraged.
    • Carrying infants in laps or using high chairs/walkers is detrimental to motor development.
    • Electronic media exposure should be avoided.

    Early Childhood (3-7 years)

    • This age promotes motor and sensory skill development.
    • Daily physical activity strengthens bones, muscles, heart, and lungs.
    • Exercising helps maintain healthy weight and mental development.
    • Encouraging participation in activities, not competition.

    Late Childhood (8-12 years)

    • Exercise enhances cognitive development.
    • Encouraging teamwork and participation in sports.
    • Teaching basic rules of competition and sportsmanship is crucial.
    • Sports like running, cycling, and swimming are encouraged.

    Adolescence (13-19 years)

    • This is a time of prolonged exercise, producing competitive athletes.
    • Building strength, flexibility, and endurance is emphasized.
    • Activities such as running, gymnastics, weightlifting, and sports like hockey, football, tennis, and squash are encouraged.
    • Fostering a competitive spirit and aiming for excellence.

    Adults (20-64 years)

    • Regular exercise schedule to prevent lifestyle diseases.
    • Loss of muscle mass occurs with age.
    • Adults should engage in at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week.
    • Balance exercises are essential for preventing falls.

    Common Postural Deformities

    • Various types of postural deformities are discussed.

    Spinal Curvature (Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis)

    • Spinal curvature is a deformity related to the spine.
    • Excessive weight or weak muscles cause this.
    • Kyphosis: excessive curvature of upper back
    • Lordosis: exaggerated inward curve in lumbar region.
    • Scoliosis: sideways spinal curve.
    • Causes include malnutrition, illness, environment, lack of exercise, and excessive loads.

    Flatfoot

    • Flatfoot is a postural deformity common in newborns.
    • Characterized by the lack of arch in the foot.
    • Causes include weak muscles, improper footwear, obesity, and carrying heavy loads.

    Knock-knees (Genu valgum)

    • This occurs when the knees touch each other while standing.
    • Lack of balanced nutrition (vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus), rickets, chronic illness, obesity, and flatfoot can cause them.

    Bow Legs (Genu varum)

    • Bow legs develop when there is a significant gap between knees when feet are together.
    • Causes include deficiencies in calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and obesity.
    • Early or forced walking.

    Round Shoulders

    • Round shoulders are caused by tight chest muscles and weak back muscles.
    • Sitting, standing, and wearing tight clothing can lead to round shoulders.
    • Inactivity is one of the causes.

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    Explore the World Health Organization's exercise guidelines tailored for different age groups. Learn about recommended activities and their benefits for infants, children, and adolescents to promote healthy development and active lifestyles.

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