Lecture 20 – Protein structure – Secondary and tertiary structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the first level of protein structure?

  • Secondary structure
  • Tertiary structure
  • Primary structure (correct)
  • Quaternary structure

Which experimental method is most commonly used for protein structure determination?

  • NMR spectroscopy
  • Electron microscopy
  • X-ray crystallography (correct)
  • Mass spectrometry

What type of protein is primarily water-soluble and globular in shape?

  • Fibrous proteins
  • Membrane proteins
  • Globular proteins (correct)
  • Structural proteins

What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is known for being found in the cis configuration in proteins?

<p>Proline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an alpha-helix, hydrogen bonds form between which atoms?

<p>C=O of one residue to NH of another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of an alpha-helix?

<p>Coiled spiral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical arrangement of beta-strands in a beta-sheet?

<p>Parallel or anti-parallel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of turn allows the chain to sharply reverse direction in proteins?

<p>Reverse turn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily holds the tertiary structure of a protein together?

<p>Noncovalent interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interactions is considered a strong covalent bond in proteins?

<p>Disulphide bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are motifs in protein structure?

<p>Combinations of secondary structure elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many residues typically make up a reverse turn?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrophobic interactions in protein folding?

<p>They cause hydrophobic molecules to clump together and exclude water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of fibrous proteins?

<p>They provide structural support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a fibrous protein?

<p>Collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alpha-helices interact with DNA?

<p>They fit in the major groove. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein structure can include multiple polypeptide chains?

<p>Quaternary structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a domain in protein structure?

<p>A compact region that folds independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are specifically involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins?

<p>Various noncovalent bonds including hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is primarily responsible for the tight packing of side chains in proteins?

<p>Van der Waals forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of turns and loops in protein structure?

<p>To allow the protein to reverse direction and interact with other molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of secondary structure is characterized by fully extended chains?

<p>Beta-strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a combination of secondary structure elements that form a recognizable shape?

<p>Motif (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is primarily responsible for the interaction between opposite charges in proteins?

<p>Salt bridge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration is more stable for proline in protein structure?

<p>Cis configuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in the secondary structure of proteins?

<p>It maintains the conformation of the backbone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of membrane proteins?

<p>They interact with the hydrophobic part of membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of loops in protein structure?

<p>To provide flexibility and facilitate interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about tertiary structure?

<p>It encompasses the overall 3D shape of a protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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