White Blood Cells Overview
40 Questions
1 Views

White Blood Cells Overview

Created by
@RenewedViolet1424

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of white blood cell is primarily associated with allergic reactions?

  • Basophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about leukocytes is true?

  • Neutrophils are the least abundant type of leukocyte.
  • Granulocytes include eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. (correct)
  • Leukocytes are produced entirely in the lymph tissue.
  • Agranulocytes have granules in their cytoplasm.

    • What is the main function of leukocytes in the body?

  • To transport oxygen to tissues
  • To aid in the resistance to infection (correct)
  • To digest food
  • To produce hormones

    • Where are granulocytes primarily produced?

    <p>In the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to monocytes when they cross the blood vessels?

    <p>They differentiate into macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leukocyte is least abundant in the body?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection does the neutrophil primarily respond to first during inflammation?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune response?

    <p>To perform phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which cells are macrophages derived?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lineage of white blood cells starts with myeloblasts?

    <p>Myelocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of B-cell lymphocytes?

    <p>To produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do neutrophils typically first respond to an infection?

    <p>Immediately after the infection begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cells are responsible for producing lymphocytes and plasma cells?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of monocytes after they exit the blood vessels?

    <p>They transform into macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are granulocytes and monocytes produced?

    <p>In the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the initial heat during the inflammatory process?

    <p>Vasodilation and increased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardinal sign of inflammation is associated with increased blood flow?

    <p>Rubor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histamine during the inflammatory response?

    <p>To cause vasodilation and increase capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the inflammatory response?

    <p>To eliminate foreign materials and allow wound repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes helps prevent pathogen spread during inflammation?

    <p>Coagulation cascade activation at the wound site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the swelling associated with inflammation?

    <p>Leakage of fluids from capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for the initial response in injury?

    <p>Resident tissue macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of function associated with inflammation?

    <p>Functio Laesa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary color of pus due to the presence of neutrophils?

    <p>Whitish-yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of Pyocyanin indicate in pus?

    <p>It is produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are dead cells and necrotic tissue in pus processed after an infection is suppressed?

    <p>They undergo autolysis and are absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils are primarily involved in responding to which type of infection?

    <p>Parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an infection or inflammation have on white blood cell activity?

    <p>It leads to the accumulation of pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to most evidence of tissue damage after the healing process?

    <p>It disappears completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue does myeloperoxidase present in neutrophils target?

    <p>Bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment provides the characteristic green color in pus associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?

    <p>Pyocyanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do selectins and ICAM-1 play on endothelial cells?

    <p>They facilitate the adhesion of neutrophils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for newly formed granulocytes and monocytes to exit the bone marrow?

    <p>3 to 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolonged stimulation from inflamed tissue on bone marrow activity?

    <p>It can increase cells' production to 20 to 50 times normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows neutrophils to move from the blood into tissue spaces?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of an uncontrolled increase in macrophage production?

    <p>Potential damage to healthy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for the increase in granulocyte and monocyte production during inflammation?

    <p>Granulocytic and monocytic progenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of neutrophils being attracted to the site of infection?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When endothelial cell attachments loosen, what is the significant result during inflammation?

    <p>Increased permeability for cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    White Blood Cells

    • White blood cells (WBCs) are the mobile units of the body's protective system
    • WBCs defend against infection
    • Types of WBCs:
      • Granulocytes: Have granules inside
        • Eosinophils
        • Basophils
        • Neutrophils
      • Agranulocytes: Do not have cytoplasmic granules
        • Lymphocytes
        • Monocytes
    • WBCs are formed in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
    • Granulocytes, monocytes, and some lymphocytes are produced in bone marrow
    • Lymphocytes and plasma cells are produced in the lymph tissue
    • WBCs are carried through the bloodstream to various parts of the body

    The Genesis of White Blood Cells

    • Two lineages of WBCs:
      • Myelocytic: Starts with the myeloblast, progressing through promyelocyte until it becomes neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils; monocytes are also produced in this lineage
      • Lymphocytic: Contains only leukocytes and starts with the lymphoblast that eventually becomes lymphocytes and plasma cells

    Phagocytosis by White Blood Cells

    • Phagocytosis is performed by neutrophils (which are the first to arrive at the site of infection) and macrophages
    • Macrophages originate from monocytes in the blood
    • Monocytes transform into macrophages once they exit the bloodstream and reach the infected site within tissues
    • Neutrophils and macrophages are able to engulf and destroy invading pathogens

    Antibodies & Lymphocytes

    • Lymphocytes are responsible for the production of antibodies, particularly B-cell lymphocytes
    • B-cell lymphocytes are produced and stored in the bone marrow until needed
    • Once infection begins, neutrophils are the first responders, followed by monocytes, which become macrophages
    • Eosinophils and lymphocytes arrive in the later stages of infection
    • Basophils (least numerous) are typically present during allergic reactions

    Formation of Pus and Tissue Repair

    • Pus forms as a result of the destruction of neutrophils, macrophages and necrotic tissue at the site of infection.
    • Pus usually appears whitish-yellow, yellow, or greenish
    • The color can vary, depending on factors such as the presence of myeloperoxidase (an antibacterial protein in neutrophils) or pigments like pyocyanin (produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

    Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

    • Rubor: Redness
    • Calor: Heat
    • Tumor: Swelling
    • Dolor: Pain and Tenderness
    • Functio laesa: Loss of function

    Control of Macrophages

    • Macrophages control the inflammatory process by:
      • Phagocytizing: Engulfing and destroying pathogens
      • Stimulating: Triggering other immune cells
      • Presenting: Presenting antigens to lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immunity
    • Control of macrophage proliferation is important to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage

    Inflammation Process

    • Inflammation is a complex process involving multiple events designed to eliminate foreign material and repair damaged tissues.
    • In injury, the resident tissue macrophage acts first.
    • Mast cells and basophils release histamine, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, which allows leukocytes to migrate to the inflamed area.
    • Platelets activate the coagulation cascade, leading to the release of clotting elements and the formation of a clot at the wound site, which prevents the spread of pathogens through the bloodstream.
    • Neutrophils are the first to arrive at the wound site followed by monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages.
    • The inflammatory response continues until the foreign materials are eliminated, and the wound is repaired.

    The Fourth Line of Defense: Increased Production of Granulocytes and Monocytes by the Bone Marrow

    • Infection or inflammation triggers the bone marrow to increase the production of granulocytes and monocytes.
    • This increase can be sustained for months or years in chronic inflammation.
    • It is essential to maintain a balance in the number of these cells, as excessive amounts can lead to detrimental effects.

    Leukocytosis: An Increase in White Blood Cells

    • Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood.
    • It is a common response to infection, inflammation, or various other stimuli.
    • It indicates the body is trying to fight off an invading organism.

    Leukopenia: A Decrease in White Blood Cells

    • Leukopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells.
    • This can be caused by various factors, including infections, certain medications, autoimmune disorders, and bone marrow suppression.
    • It can make the body more susceptible to infections.

    Leukemia: Cancer of the Blood Forming Tissues

    • Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues, primarily the bone marrow.
    • Uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells crowds out normal blood cells.
    • Types of Leukemia:
      • Acute Leukemia: Characterized by rapid growth and accumulation of blast cells (immature white blood cells) in the bone marrow.
      • Chronic Leukemia: Characterized by a slower progression and a higher proportion of mature white blood cells.
    • Effects of Leukemia:
      • Anemia (due to decreased red blood cell production).
      • Thrombocytopenia (due to decreased platelet production).
      • Infections (due to impaired immune function).
      • Organ damage.
      • Leukemia can be fatal if left untreated.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    White Blood Cells In The Body (2024) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the different types of white blood cells (WBCs) and their functions in the immune system. Learn about granulocytes and agranulocytes, their formation, and their role in defending against infections. Test your knowledge on the genesis of WBCs and the lineages involved in their production.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser