Immune System: White Blood Cells and MHC

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Questions and Answers

What type of immunity has hard-coded detectors for common pathogenic signatures?

Innate immunity (correct)

Humoral mediated response

Adaptive immunity

Cell mediated response

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins?

To secrete antibodies against pathogens

To recognize and destroy infected cells

To display portions of degraded proteins on the cell surface (correct)

To activate the adaptive immune response

What type of immune response is mediated by T cells?

Humoral mediated response

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Cell mediated response (correct)

What is the function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?

To secrete antibodies against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin in the innate immune response?

To repel nearly all pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epitopes in the adaptive immune response?

They are recognized by the immune system, triggering an antibody response Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of time during which symptoms of a disease appear, but full recovery has not yet been achieved?

Period of illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the first line of defense mentioned in the text?

To prevent the entry of pathogens into the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an animal that can harbor a pathogen without showing symptoms, serving as a source of infection for others?

Reservoir host Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the body to fully recover from an infection, resulting in persisting disease after effects?

Sequelae Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are produced by the host to inhibit viral replication?

Host-coded proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the agent that transmits a pathogen from one host to another?

Vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?

To engulf and digest foreign substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of time during which an individual is infected but shows no symptoms?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the immune process that does not require the presence of antibodies?

Cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the host in which a parasite can undergo asexual reproduction?

Definitive host Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tumor that is of viral origin and affects the epidermis?

Wart Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mode of transmission where a pathogen is spread through physical contact between individuals?

Direct contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique used for visualizing antigen in tissue sections, cell suspensions, and monolayers?

Immunofluorescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of time during which the body repairs damaged tissue after an infection?

Convalescence period Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B-lymphocytes?

Producing antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell can become a macrophage?

Iculendothelial cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which macrophages engulf and digest foreign particles?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specific region on an antigen that is recognized by the immune system?

Epitope Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small molecule that is not immunogenic but can act as an antigen when it binds to a larger protein molecule?

Hapten Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defense against bacteria, such as Staph and Strep, by the immune system?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies produced by B cells?

To recognize and inactivate specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells is responsible for producing immunoglobulin molecules?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity is generalized, while adaptive immunity is specific Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

To mature and select T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an antigen?

A virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymph nodes in the immune system?

To trap and filter out pathogens and activate immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phagocytes (WBC)

Phagocytosis: the process by which certain cells engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC):
- Protein present on the extracellular surface of cells that displays portions of proteins degraded inside the cell
- Recognized by the immune system, triggering an immune response

Adaptive Immunity

T cells destroy infected cells to eradicate intracellular pathogens
B cells secrete antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens
Frequency and geographic distribution of pathogens affect human infections

Innate Immunity

First line of defense against pathogens
Hard-coded detectors for common pathogenic signatures, repelling nearly everything
Skin and mucous membranes provide a physical barrier against pathogens

Modes of Disease Transmission

Direct Contact: requires physical contact between individuals
Indirect Contact: spread through inanimate objects or vectors
Vector-borne transmission: via an agent that transmits a pathogen

Hosts

Intermediate Host: can live for a short period of time
Reservoir Host: can live for a long time without ill effects
Definitive Host: supports asexual reproduction of the parasite

Immune System Cells

Macrophages: engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
Lymphocytes (B and T cells):
- B cells secrete antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens
- T cells destroy infected cells to eradicate intracellular pathogens
Thrombocytes/Platelets: small, circulating in the bloodstream

Antigens and Antibodies

Antigen: any substance that triggers an immune response
Antibody: immunoglobulin molecule produced in response to a specific antigen
Epitope: the specific region on an antigen that is recognized by the immune system
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): display antigens on their surface to trigger an immune response

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Description

This quiz covers the functions of phagocytes and lymphocytes, including humoral and cell-mediated responses. It also explores the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in antigen presentation.