Immune System: White Blood Cells and MHC
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Questions and Answers

What type of immunity has hard-coded detectors for common pathogenic signatures?

  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Humoral mediated response
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Cell mediated response
  • What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins?

  • To secrete antibodies against pathogens
  • To recognize and destroy infected cells
  • To display portions of degraded proteins on the cell surface (correct)
  • To activate the adaptive immune response
  • What type of immune response is mediated by T cells?

  • Humoral mediated response
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Cell mediated response (correct)
  • What is the function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>To secrete antibodies against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the skin in the innate immune response?

    <p>To repel nearly all pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of epitopes in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>They are recognized by the immune system, triggering an antibody response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period of time during which symptoms of a disease appear, but full recovery has not yet been achieved?

    <p>Period of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the first line of defense mentioned in the text?

    <p>To prevent the entry of pathogens into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an animal that can harbor a pathogen without showing symptoms, serving as a source of infection for others?

    <p>Reservoir host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability of the body to fully recover from an infection, resulting in persisting disease after effects?

    <p>Sequelae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are produced by the host to inhibit viral replication?

    <p>Host-coded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the agent that transmits a pathogen from one host to another?

    <p>Vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?

    <p>To engulf and digest foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period of time during which an individual is infected but shows no symptoms?

    <p>Incubation period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the immune process that does not require the presence of antibodies?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the host in which a parasite can undergo asexual reproduction?

    <p>Definitive host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tumor that is of viral origin and affects the epidermis?

    <p>Wart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mode of transmission where a pathogen is spread through physical contact between individuals?

    <p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique used for visualizing antigen in tissue sections, cell suspensions, and monolayers?

    <p>Immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period of time during which the body repairs damaged tissue after an infection?

    <p>Convalescence period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B-lymphocytes?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell can become a macrophage?

    <p>Iculendothelial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which macrophages engulf and digest foreign particles?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the specific region on an antigen that is recognized by the immune system?

    <p>Epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small molecule that is not immunogenic but can act as an antigen when it binds to a larger protein molecule?

    <p>Hapten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defense against bacteria, such as Staph and Strep, by the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies produced by B cells?

    <p>To recognize and inactivate specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is responsible for producing immunoglobulin molecules?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity is generalized, while adaptive immunity is specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

    <p>To mature and select T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an antigen?

    <p>A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymph nodes in the immune system?

    <p>To trap and filter out pathogens and activate immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phagocytes (WBC)

    • Phagocytosis: the process by which certain cells engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
    • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC):
      • Protein present on the extracellular surface of cells that displays portions of proteins degraded inside the cell
      • Recognized by the immune system, triggering an immune response

    Adaptive Immunity

    • T cells destroy infected cells to eradicate intracellular pathogens
    • B cells secrete antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens
    • Frequency and geographic distribution of pathogens affect human infections

    Innate Immunity

    • First line of defense against pathogens
    • Hard-coded detectors for common pathogenic signatures, repelling nearly everything
    • Skin and mucous membranes provide a physical barrier against pathogens

    Modes of Disease Transmission

    • Direct Contact: requires physical contact between individuals
    • Indirect Contact: spread through inanimate objects or vectors
    • Vector-borne transmission: via an agent that transmits a pathogen

    Hosts

    • Intermediate Host: can live for a short period of time
    • Reservoir Host: can live for a long time without ill effects
    • Definitive Host: supports asexual reproduction of the parasite

    Immune System Cells

    • Macrophages: engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
    • Lymphocytes (B and T cells):
      • B cells secrete antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens
      • T cells destroy infected cells to eradicate intracellular pathogens
    • Thrombocytes/Platelets: small, circulating in the bloodstream

    Antigens and Antibodies

    • Antigen: any substance that triggers an immune response
    • Antibody: immunoglobulin molecule produced in response to a specific antigen
    • Epitope: the specific region on an antigen that is recognized by the immune system
    • Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): display antigens on their surface to trigger an immune response

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    Description

    This quiz covers the functions of phagocytes and lymphocytes, including humoral and cell-mediated responses. It also explores the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in antigen presentation.

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