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Questions and Answers
Which type of granulocyte contains granules that stain with both acidic and basic dyes?
What is the typical total leukocyte count (TLC) range for a healthy adult?
In which age group is the total leukocyte count at its highest, reaching between 10,000–25,000/mm3?
Which type of agranulocyte is primarily involved in the immune response?
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What physiological variation is observed when there is an increase in the percentage of neutrophils?
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What is a key distinguishing feature of basophils compared to other granulocytes?
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Which of the following statements regarding WBCs is inaccurate?
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What does a differential count measure in the context of WBCs?
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What is the significance of DLC in blood tests?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with mature neutrophils?
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What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune response?
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What happens to neutrophils after they have completed their defensive role?
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What types of substances do neutrophils release during inflammation?
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Which statement accurately describes the lifespan of neutrophils?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of neutrophils?
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What is the primary role of eosinophils in the immune system?
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Which of the following accurately describes the granules of eosinophils?
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Neutrophil granules are best described by what feature?
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What characterizes the nucleus of basophils?
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What is the main component of the eosinophil's granules known for its larvicidal properties?
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How do eosinophils respond during allergic reactions?
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Which feature distinguishes neutrophils' febrile response from other white blood cells?
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What is true about the morphological features of eosinophils?
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Which condition is not typically associated with eosinophil activity?
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What primary role do mast cells play in the body?
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Which substance is released by mast cells during an allergic reaction that contributes to local vascular changes?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the interaction of mast cells with allergens?
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What is the key function of eosinophils in the context of allergic reactions?
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What does the presence of a large round nucleus in lymphocytes indicate?
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What substance do mast cells release that plays a role in preventing blood coagulation?
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The primary location of mast cells in the body includes which of the following?
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Which of the following lies at the center of the humoral immunity process?
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What primary role do T lymphocytes play in the immune system?
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What happens to monocytes after they are released from the bone marrow?
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Which of the following accurately describes the cytoplasm of monocytes?
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What is a significant function of monocytes in the immune response?
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Natural killer (NK) cells are primarily associated with which type of immunity?
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Study Notes
White Blood Cells (WBCs) Overview
- WBCs or leukocytes are colorless, nucleated cells vital for the body's defense mechanisms.
- Divided into two main categories: Granulocytes (contain granules) and Agranulocytes (lack granules).
Types of Granulocytes
-
Neutrophils:
- Multilobed nucleus (2-6 lobes) linked by chromatin.
- Cytoplasm has fine granules, staining violet-pink, containing lysosomal enzymes.
- Lifespan: Circulate for 8-10 hours; tissue presence up to 5 days.
- Functions:
- Phagocytosis of pathogens.
- Release inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandins).
- Involved in febrile response.
-
Eosinophils:
- Bilobed nucleus, cytoplasm bright pink with coarse red-staining granules.
- Functions:
- Mild phagocytosis.
- Responses in allergic conditions and parasitic infestations.
- Release toxic proteins like Major Basic Protein (MBP) for defense against larger parasites.
-
Basophils:
- Irregular nucleus, numerous coarse granules staining purple/blue.
- Functions:
- Mild phagocytosis and significant role in allergic reactions.
- Release inflammatory mediators including histamine and heparin to prevent clotting.
Agranulocytes
-
Lymphocytes:
- Large round nucleus, scant cytoplasm with no visible granules.
- Types:
- B lymphocytes (humoral immunity, antibody production).
- T lymphocytes (cellular immunity).
- Natural Killer (NK) cells (innate immunity through non-specific killing).
-
Monocytes:
- Large, horseshoe-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm.
- Lifespan: Circulate for 10-20 hours before maturing into macrophages in tissues.
- Functions:
- Phagocytosis and clearance of dead cells and debris.
- Synthesize biologically important substances and participate in tumor immunity.
White Blood Cell Counts
- Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) varies by age:
- Adults: 4000-11,000/mm³
- At birth: 10,000-25,000/mm³
- Infants (up to 1 year): 6000-16,000/mm³
- Children (4-7 years): 5000-15,000/mm³
- Children (8-12 years): 4500-13,500/mm³
- Clinical significance of differential and absolute counts helps diagnose diseases by evaluating changes in specific WBC types.
Morphology of WBCs
- Neutrophils: Multilobed nucleus, pale bluish cytoplasm with pinpoint granules.
- Eosinophils: Bilobed nucleus, bright pink cytoplasm with coarse granules containing basic proteins.
- Basophils: Irregular nucleus overcrowded with granules, functions predominantly in allergic responses.
- Lymphocytes: Prominent nucleus with minimal cytoplasm, crucial for immune defense.
- Monocytes: Large nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, role in phagocytosis and tissue immunity.
Summary of Functions
- Neutrophils: First line of defense, inflammation, and fever response.
- Eosinophils: Mediators of allergic responses, defense against parasitic infections.
- Basophils: Release mediators that contribute to allergic reaction, prevent clotting.
- Lymphocytes: Essential for specific immune responses through antibodies and cellular actions.
- Monocytes: Major role in phagocytosis and tumor immunity, long lifespan in tissues.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of white blood cells (WBCs) and their crucial roles in the immune system. This quiz covers the two main categories of WBCs: granulocytes and agranulocytes, along with detailed descriptions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Test your knowledge on their functions, lifespan, and involvement in immune responses.