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White Blood Cells Overview
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White Blood Cells Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which type of granulocyte contains granules that stain with both acidic and basic dyes?

  • Basophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
  • What is the typical total leukocyte count (TLC) range for a healthy adult?

  • 1000–4000/mm3
  • 11,000–20,000/mm3
  • 25,000–50,000/mm3
  • 4000–11,000/mm3 (correct)
  • In which age group is the total leukocyte count at its highest, reaching between 10,000–25,000/mm3?

  • Adults
  • Children, 4–7 years
  • Infants up to 1 year
  • Newborns, full-term (correct)
  • Which type of agranulocyte is primarily involved in the immune response?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological variation is observed when there is an increase in the percentage of neutrophils?

    <p>Lymphocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of basophils compared to other granulocytes?

    <p>They are involved primarily in allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding WBCs is inaccurate?

    <p>Monocytes can be classified as granulocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a differential count measure in the context of WBCs?

    <p>Unique types and proportions of WBCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DLC in blood tests?

    <p>It is never performed in isolation and is part of full blood counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with mature neutrophils?

    <p>Contains a single, spherical nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune response?

    <p>They are involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to neutrophils after they have completed their defensive role?

    <p>They are destroyed during phagocytosis or die after senescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of substances do neutrophils release during inflammation?

    <p>Histamines and leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the lifespan of neutrophils?

    <p>Their lifespan may shorten drastically during severe infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of neutrophils?

    <p>Producing antibodies against foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of eosinophils in the immune system?

    <p>Providing mucosal immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the granules of eosinophils?

    <p>Stain bright pink and contain basic protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophil granules are best described by what feature?

    <p>They contain enzymes and can take both acidic and basic stains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the nucleus of basophils?

    <p>Irregular shape that may be bilobed or trilobed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the eosinophil's granules known for its larvicidal properties?

    <p>Major basic protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do eosinophils respond during allergic reactions?

    <p>By responding with mild phagocytic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes neutrophils' febrile response from other white blood cells?

    <p>Presence of endogenous pyrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the morphological features of eosinophils?

    <p>Nucleus is bilobed in 85% of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not typically associated with eosinophil activity?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role do mast cells play in the body?

    <p>Participating in allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is released by mast cells during an allergic reaction that contributes to local vascular changes?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the interaction of mast cells with allergens?

    <p>Mast cells degranulate when allergens bind with IgG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of eosinophils in the context of allergic reactions?

    <p>Phagocytosing and destroying antigen-antibody complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a large round nucleus in lymphocytes indicate?

    <p>The cell is associated with immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance do mast cells release that plays a role in preventing blood coagulation?

    <p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary location of mast cells in the body includes which of the following?

    <p>In bone marrow and tissue outside capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lies at the center of the humoral immunity process?

    <p>B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role do T lymphocytes play in the immune system?

    <p>They provide cellular immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to monocytes after they are released from the bone marrow?

    <p>They develop into macrophages in extravascular tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the cytoplasm of monocytes?

    <p>It is clear and pale blue, often with purple granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of monocytes in the immune response?

    <p>Engaging in phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural killer (NK) cells are primarily associated with which type of immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity by targeting all foreign cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    White Blood Cells (WBCs) Overview

    • WBCs or leukocytes are colorless, nucleated cells vital for the body's defense mechanisms.
    • Divided into two main categories: Granulocytes (contain granules) and Agranulocytes (lack granules).

    Types of Granulocytes

    • Neutrophils:

      • Multilobed nucleus (2-6 lobes) linked by chromatin.
      • Cytoplasm has fine granules, staining violet-pink, containing lysosomal enzymes.
      • Lifespan: Circulate for 8-10 hours; tissue presence up to 5 days.
      • Functions:
        • Phagocytosis of pathogens.
        • Release inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandins).
        • Involved in febrile response.
    • Eosinophils:

      • Bilobed nucleus, cytoplasm bright pink with coarse red-staining granules.
      • Functions:
        • Mild phagocytosis.
        • Responses in allergic conditions and parasitic infestations.
        • Release toxic proteins like Major Basic Protein (MBP) for defense against larger parasites.
    • Basophils:

      • Irregular nucleus, numerous coarse granules staining purple/blue.
      • Functions:
        • Mild phagocytosis and significant role in allergic reactions.
        • Release inflammatory mediators including histamine and heparin to prevent clotting.

    Agranulocytes

    • Lymphocytes:

      • Large round nucleus, scant cytoplasm with no visible granules.
      • Types:
        • B lymphocytes (humoral immunity, antibody production).
        • T lymphocytes (cellular immunity).
        • Natural Killer (NK) cells (innate immunity through non-specific killing).
    • Monocytes:

      • Large, horseshoe-shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm.
      • Lifespan: Circulate for 10-20 hours before maturing into macrophages in tissues.
      • Functions:
        • Phagocytosis and clearance of dead cells and debris.
        • Synthesize biologically important substances and participate in tumor immunity.

    White Blood Cell Counts

    • Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) varies by age:
      • Adults: 4000-11,000/mm³
      • At birth: 10,000-25,000/mm³
      • Infants (up to 1 year): 6000-16,000/mm³
      • Children (4-7 years): 5000-15,000/mm³
      • Children (8-12 years): 4500-13,500/mm³
    • Clinical significance of differential and absolute counts helps diagnose diseases by evaluating changes in specific WBC types.

    Morphology of WBCs

    • Neutrophils: Multilobed nucleus, pale bluish cytoplasm with pinpoint granules.
    • Eosinophils: Bilobed nucleus, bright pink cytoplasm with coarse granules containing basic proteins.
    • Basophils: Irregular nucleus overcrowded with granules, functions predominantly in allergic responses.
    • Lymphocytes: Prominent nucleus with minimal cytoplasm, crucial for immune defense.
    • Monocytes: Large nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, role in phagocytosis and tissue immunity.

    Summary of Functions

    • Neutrophils: First line of defense, inflammation, and fever response.
    • Eosinophils: Mediators of allergic responses, defense against parasitic infections.
    • Basophils: Release mediators that contribute to allergic reaction, prevent clotting.
    • Lymphocytes: Essential for specific immune responses through antibodies and cellular actions.
    • Monocytes: Major role in phagocytosis and tumor immunity, long lifespan in tissues.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of white blood cells (WBCs) and their crucial roles in the immune system. This quiz covers the two main categories of WBCs: granulocytes and agranulocytes, along with detailed descriptions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Test your knowledge on their functions, lifespan, and involvement in immune responses.

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