White Blood Cells

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Which of the following is a possible cause of lymphocytosis in young animals and recent vaccination?

Catecholamine mediated splenic contraction

Hypoadrenocorticism

Lymphoproliferative disorder (correct)

Chronic inflammation

What is a possible cause of lymphopenia?

Lymphoproliferative disorder

Catecholamine mediated splenic contraction

Chronic inflammation

Hypoadrenocorticism (correct)

Which of the following is a possible cause of monocytosis in inflammation?

Steroid/stress

Bacterial infection (correct)

Eosinophilia

Monocytic/myelomonocytic leukaemia

What is a possible cause of eosinophilia?

Parasitism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about basophils?

They have dense blue granules within the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of monocytopenia?

Monocytic/myelomonocytic leukaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of mature neutrophilia in steroid/stress?

Mature neutrophilia Signup and view all the answers

What can be present in moderate numbers in regenerative anemias, lead toxicity, EMH and splenic contraction, and damaged marrow?

Nucleated red cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can produce a shift from the marginal to the circulating pool of white blood cells?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of neutrophilia?

Infections Signup and view all the answers

Which step is involved in the process of white blood cells leaving the blood vessels?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutrophilia?

Lymphopenia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of lymphopenia?

Steroid therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of lymphopenia?

Neutrophilia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of monocytosis?

Necrotic Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of monocytosis?

Neutropenia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of regenerative neutrophils?

Increased release of marrow storage pool cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of degenerative neutrophils?

Increased immature over segmented neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of glucocorticoids on neutrophils?

Demargination of neutrophils and decrease movement out of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the condition where neutrophils are held in the blood stream longer than they are meant to be?

Right shift Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophil toxic change?

Foamy cytoplasm and diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the presence of finely granular nuclear chromatin in neutrophils?

Toxic change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophil inclusions?

Bacterial, viral, protozoa, hereditary/metabolic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the absence of neutrophils in the blood?

Neutropenia Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of neutropenia?

Inflammation, decreased production, neoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main steps for cells leaving the blood vessels?

Marginalisation, Adhesion, Migration Signup and view all the answers

What factors can produce a shift from the marginal to the circulating pool of white blood cells?

Epinephrine, Glucocorticoids, Infection, Stress Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible causes of neutrophilia?

Inflammation, Infections, Immune mediated anaemia, Necrosis, Steroid therapy, Hyperadrenocorticism, Epinephrine, Fight or flight response, Chronic neutrophil leukaemia, Paraneoplastic Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of lymphocytosis in young animals and recent vaccination?

Physiological (Catecholamine mediated splenic contraction), Chronic inflammation, Lymphoproliferative disorder (FeLV, BLV) Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of monocytosis in inflammation?

Chronic inflammation (bacterial, fungal, or protozoal), Necrosis (haemolysis, haemorrhage, neoplasia, infarction, trauma), Steroid/stress (stress, glucocorticoids), Monocytic/myelomonocytic leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of eosinophilia?

Hypersensitivity, Parasitism, Hypoadrenocorticism, Paraneoplastic (especially mast cell but also others), Idiopathic eosinophilic syndromes, Eosinophilic leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of neutrophilia in steroid/stress?

Excitement and stress can cause mature neutrophilia (2x in dogs, horses, and cows, >2x in cats) Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of neutropenia?

Infections (parvovirus, FeLV, Toxoplasma), toxicity (chemotherapy, estrogen, chloramphenicol), neoplasia (leukemia, myelodysplastic, metastatic), marrow necrosis, myelofibrosis, rare conditions (immune-mediated neutropenia, Chediak-Higashi, acyclic hematopoiesis in grey collies, canine hereditary neutropenia) Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of neutrophilia?

Inflammation (pre-acute/overwhelming bacterial infections, canine and feline parvovirus), steroids/stress, exercise/excitement, necrosis, hemorrhage, corticosteroids, epinephrine, G-CSF, myeloproliferative disorders, Cushing's disease, hyperadrenocorticism, leukemoid reaction Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of lymphopenia?

Inflammation, stress, corticosteroids, Cushing's disease, leukemias, lymphomas, viral infections (FIV, FeLV, parvovirus), immunodeficiency diseases Signup and view all the answers