36 Questions
Which of the following is a possible cause of lymphocytosis in young animals and recent vaccination?
Lymphoproliferative disorder
What is a possible cause of lymphopenia?
Hypoadrenocorticism
Which of the following is a possible cause of monocytosis in inflammation?
Bacterial infection
What is a possible cause of eosinophilia?
Parasitism
Which of the following is true about basophils?
They have dense blue granules within the cytoplasm
What is a possible cause of monocytopenia?
Monocytic/myelomonocytic leukaemia
What is a possible cause of mature neutrophilia in steroid/stress?
Mature neutrophilia
What can be present in moderate numbers in regenerative anemias, lead toxicity, EMH and splenic contraction, and damaged marrow?
Nucleated red cells
Which of the following factors can produce a shift from the marginal to the circulating pool of white blood cells?
Epinephrine
Which of the following is a cause of neutrophilia?
Infections
Which step is involved in the process of white blood cells leaving the blood vessels?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutrophilia?
Lymphopenia
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia?
Epinephrine
Which of the following is a cause of lymphopenia?
Steroid therapy
Which of the following is NOT a cause of lymphopenia?
Neutrophilia
Which of the following is a cause of monocytosis?
Necrotic Inflammation
Which of the following is NOT a cause of monocytosis?
Neutropenia
Which of the following is a characteristic of regenerative neutrophils?
Increased release of marrow storage pool cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of degenerative neutrophils?
Increased immature over segmented neutrophils
What is the main effect of glucocorticoids on neutrophils?
Demargination of neutrophils and decrease movement out of blood
What is the term used to describe the condition where neutrophils are held in the blood stream longer than they are meant to be?
Right shift
Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophil toxic change?
Foamy cytoplasm and diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia
What is the term used to describe the presence of finely granular nuclear chromatin in neutrophils?
Toxic change
Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophil inclusions?
Bacterial, viral, protozoa, hereditary/metabolic
What is the term used to describe the absence of neutrophils in the blood?
Neutropenia
What is a possible cause of neutropenia?
Inflammation, decreased production, neoplasia
What are the three main steps for cells leaving the blood vessels?
Marginalisation, Adhesion, Migration
What factors can produce a shift from the marginal to the circulating pool of white blood cells?
Epinephrine, Glucocorticoids, Infection, Stress
What are some possible causes of neutrophilia?
Inflammation, Infections, Immune mediated anaemia, Necrosis, Steroid therapy, Hyperadrenocorticism, Epinephrine, Fight or flight response, Chronic neutrophil leukaemia, Paraneoplastic
What are the possible causes of lymphocytosis in young animals and recent vaccination?
Physiological (Catecholamine mediated splenic contraction), Chronic inflammation, Lymphoproliferative disorder (FeLV, BLV)
What are the possible causes of monocytosis in inflammation?
Chronic inflammation (bacterial, fungal, or protozoal), Necrosis (haemolysis, haemorrhage, neoplasia, infarction, trauma), Steroid/stress (stress, glucocorticoids), Monocytic/myelomonocytic leukemia
What are the possible causes of eosinophilia?
Hypersensitivity, Parasitism, Hypoadrenocorticism, Paraneoplastic (especially mast cell but also others), Idiopathic eosinophilic syndromes, Eosinophilic leukemia
What are the possible causes of neutrophilia in steroid/stress?
Excitement and stress can cause mature neutrophilia (2x in dogs, horses, and cows, >2x in cats)
What are the possible causes of neutropenia?
Infections (parvovirus, FeLV, Toxoplasma), toxicity (chemotherapy, estrogen, chloramphenicol), neoplasia (leukemia, myelodysplastic, metastatic), marrow necrosis, myelofibrosis, rare conditions (immune-mediated neutropenia, Chediak-Higashi, acyclic hematopoiesis in grey collies, canine hereditary neutropenia)
What are the possible causes of neutrophilia?
Inflammation (pre-acute/overwhelming bacterial infections, canine and feline parvovirus), steroids/stress, exercise/excitement, necrosis, hemorrhage, corticosteroids, epinephrine, G-CSF, myeloproliferative disorders, Cushing's disease, hyperadrenocorticism, leukemoid reaction
What are the possible causes of lymphopenia?
Inflammation, stress, corticosteroids, Cushing's disease, leukemias, lymphomas, viral infections (FIV, FeLV, parvovirus), immunodeficiency diseases
Test your knowledge on white blood cells and their concentration in the blood. Learn about leucocytosis, leucopenia, and the different types of cells that can leave the blood vessels. Explore the factors that can cause a shift in the circulating pool.
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