30 Questions
What are our bodies continually exposed to?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Where do these infectious agents occur naturally?
Skin, mouth, respiratory passageways, intestinal tract, lining membranes of the eyes, and urinary tract
What can these infectious agents cause if they invade deeper tissues?
Serious abnormal physiological function or even death
Which type of white blood cell is specifically responsible for activating the blood-clotting mechanism?
Megakaryocytes
Where are the granulocytes and monocytes formed?
In the bone marrow
In which tissues are lymphocytes and plasma cells mainly produced?
Various lymphogenous tissues
Where are the white blood cells formed and stored until they are needed in the circulatory system?
Bone marrow
What is the function of myelocytic lineage?
Formation of certain white blood cells
Where are the megakaryocytes (cell 3) formed?
Bone marrow
What is the life span of platelets in the blood?
Once every 10 days
Where are the lymphocytes mostly stored?
In various lymphoid tissues
What is the main function of leukocytes in the body's protective system?
Providing a rapid and potent defense against infectious agents
Which type of cells have a special ability to 'seek out and destroy' foreign invaders?
Granulocytes and monocytes
What is the specific way in which leukocytes prevent diseases?
By forming antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes
Where are leukocytes formed in the body?
In the bone marrow and lymph tissue
What is the role of granulocytes and monocytes in protecting the body?
Engulfing and destroying invading organisms
What is the main function of neutrophils and tissue macrophages?
Attacking and destroying invading bacteria, viruses, and harmful agents
How do neutrophils and monocytes enter tissue spaces?
Via diapedesis
What is the mechanism by which both neutrophils and macrophages move through tissues?
Ameboid motion
What attracts white blood cells to inflamed tissue areas?
Chemotaxis
What is the main function of neutrophils and macrophages with respect to bacteria?
Killing bacteria
What is the process whereby a pathogen is selected for phagocytosis and destruction called?
Opsonization
How many bacteria can a single neutrophil usually phagocytize before becoming inactivated and dying?
10-30 bacteria
How do macrophages mainly function within the tissues?
Phagocytizing foreign particles in the tissue
What is the total combination of monocytes, mobile macrophages, fixed tissue macrophages, and a few specialized endothelial cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes called?
Reticuloendothelial system
Where can local tissue macrophages divide in situ and form more macrophages when infection begins in a subcutaneous tissue?
Lymph nodes
What happens to foreign particles that enter the lymph nodes?
They are trapped in sinuses lined by tissue macrophages
Through which route do invading organisms frequently enter the body?
Gastrointestinal tract
Which organ is lined with tissue macrophages called Kupffer cells that act as a defense against bacteria from ingested food?
Liver
Where do macrophages become entrapped by the reticular meshwork when foreign particles come into contact with them?
Spleen
This quiz covers the general characteristics of leukocytes and the types of white blood cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells which function mainly in connection with the immune system. Test your knowledge of the different types of white blood cells and their functions.
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