White Blood Cells: Granules and Functions

What is the primary function of Th1 cells?

To activate cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages

Which cytokines are produced by Th2 cells?

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13

What enzyme is found in the granules of mast cells, but not in those of basophils?

Alkaline phosphatase

What is the primary function of T regulatory cells?

To suppress the immune response to self-antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dendritic cells?

Presenting antigen to helper T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Natural Killer cells in terms of size?

Larger than T cells and B cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells does not contain peroxidase?

Macrophage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tissue macrophages?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Th9 cells?

To play a role at epithelial surfaces by warding off fungi and extracellular bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is found in the primary granules of eosinophils?

Acid phosphatase Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of cytotoxicity in Natural Killer cells?

Activating and inhibitory signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which leukocytes and other cells engulf cells and particulate matter?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Where are Class II genes situated?

In the D region Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Class I and Class II MHC molecules?

To bind peptides within cells and transport them to the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IL-1a cytokine?

Produced by phagocytic cells, epithelial cells from the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cytokines where a single cytokine can have different effects?

Pleiotropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of HLA typing in?

Organ transplantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of cytokines in the immune system?

Orchestrating both innate immunity and the adaptive response to infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inhibitory receptors?

To deliver inhibitory signals Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory technique is used to identify lymphocytes?

Density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an immunogen?

A substance capable of causing an adaptive response Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the immune response?

To influence the immune response through genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a hapten?

It is a non-immunogenic material that, when combined with a carrier, creates new antigenic determinants Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of an immunogen to stimulate a host response?

Immunogenicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of IL-1β in the body?

To inhibit the growth of many bacteria and fungi Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferons are produced in response to viral infection?

Type I interferons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TGF-β?

To regulate the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is an antagonist of IL-1β?

IL-1RA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

To stimulate the production of neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ELISpot assays in clinical settings?

To measure the production of cytokines Signup and view all the answers