What is Man? Exploring Human Nature

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Questions and Answers

What central question does Martin Luther King, Jr. address in his speech?

  • What is the nature of society?
  • What is the purpose of life?
  • What defines happiness?
  • What is man? (correct)

According to some perspectives mentioned, how do they view man's existence?

  • As the pinnacle of evolutionary success.
  • As a mere cosmic accident. (correct)
  • As a noble being capable of great good.
  • As a divine creation with a specific purpose.

Which famous character's view is mentioned to illustrate an idealistic perspective of man?

  • Hamlet (correct)
  • King Lear
  • Macbeth
  • Othello

What does King suggest about the dichotomy within man?

<p>Man embodies both the highest virtues and the lowest vices. (C)</p>
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Which philosopher's view is associated with a pessimistic perspective on humanity?

<p>Jonathan Swift (A)</p>
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What phrase did Carlyle use to express the complex nature of man?

<p>Both heaven and hell. (A)</p>
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What does King imply about the consequences of society's answer to 'What is man?'

<p>It determines the political landscape. (D)</p>
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Which contrasting views of man are highlighted in King's speech?

<p>Pessimistic naturalism and optimistic idealism. (C)</p>
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What is the primary message conveyed to western civilizations?

<p>They can return and be accepted despite past wrongs. (B)</p>
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Which phrase emphasizes the idea of moral choice in a person's journey?

<p>To every man there openeth a Way. (B)</p>
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What does the phrase 'morning stars will sing together' suggest?

<p>A metaphor for unity and joy. (A)</p>
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In reference to America, how many of its brothers are mentioned as being trampled over?

<p>Sixteen million. (C)</p>
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What is implied about the choices individuals make in their lives?

<p>Choices shape the direction of one’s soul. (D)</p>
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What is the primary conflict described in the content?

<p>Conflict between God and man (B)</p>
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Which philosopher is quoted in connection with the struggle between the better and worse aspects of life?

<p>Ovid (D)</p>
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What does the term 'sin' equate to in the context of this discussion?

<p>Moral failure (D)</p>
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According to the content, what has humanity allowed to outrun its morality?

<p>Its scientific capabilities (D)</p>
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What sentiment does the speaker express regarding self-reflection?

<p>One feels a need for mercy as a sinner (D)</p>
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How does the content characterize modern civilization?

<p>Technologically advanced yet spiritually distant (C)</p>
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What does the reference to 'the good that I would I do not' indicate about human behavior?

<p>People often choose the low road (C)</p>
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Which phrase best captures the essence of the speaker's message concerning humanity's condition?

<p>Men are unfaithful despite knowing the truth (B)</p>
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What is stated about man's relationship with nature?

<p>Man is tied to nature due to his material body. (B)</p>
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How does the Christian doctrine of man differ from the Greek doctrine?

<p>Christianity believes the body is sacred and significant. (A)</p>
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What does the phrase 'man cannot live by bread alone' imply?

<p>Spiritual needs are equally important as physical needs. (C)</p>
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What is suggested about God's creation of man?

<p>All aspects of man, including the body, are deemed good. (B)</p>
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What should be included in a realistic doctrine of man?

<p>A consideration of man's physical and material well-being. (A)</p>
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What aspect of man's existence does the passage emphasize?

<p>Man's kinship with animals and nature. (A)</p>
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What does the author suggest is essential for a minister of the Gospel?

<p>Caring for both spiritual and physical needs. (C)</p>
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Why does the passage assert that denying evolution is illogical?

<p>There is overwhelming evidence supporting the theory of evolution. (A)</p>
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What distinguishes man from his animal ancestry according to the content?

<p>His capacity to reason (A)</p>
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How does the mind-body problem relate to man's uniqueness?

<p>It highlights the intersection of mind and matter in man. (A)</p>
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What does the concept of being 'made in the image of God' imply about man?

<p>Man possesses rational capacity and can have fellowship with God. (B)</p>
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What aspect of man's existence allows for creativity such as writing poems and composing music?

<p>His powerful imagination (D)</p>
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What limitation does the content suggest exists in man's nature?

<p>Man has lost some of God's image. (C)</p>
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Why is it stated that 'man is free, not guided by instinct'?

<p>He has the ability to make conscious choices. (C)</p>
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In the content, what does it mean for man to be 'a being of spirit'?

<p>He is capable of intellectual and spiritual pursuits. (B)</p>
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What is implied about man’s ability to transcend categories such as time and space?

<p>It showcases the power of rational thought and imagination. (A)</p>
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What does the reference to nations trampling over others illustrate about human nature?

<p>Human sinfulness is magnified in collective contexts. (B)</p>
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In what way has human conflict changed over the centuries, according to the content?

<p>Violence has shifted from primitive weapons to advanced ones. (A)</p>
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What does the mention of a 'boy standing before his father' symbolize?

<p>The search for material wealth leads to suffering. (B)</p>
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According to the content, what is necessary for humanity to avoid self-destruction?

<p>A collective turning back to divine grace. (C)</p>
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What is the primary theme expressed regarding man's existence?

<p>Man is created for a higher purpose beyond his current struggles. (C)</p>
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What consequence does the content suggest follows when man leaves his true home?

<p>An inevitable famine and struggle. (D)</p>
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What does the author imply about the challenges faced by nations and individuals?

<p>These challenges are rooted in collective sinfulness. (D)</p>
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What emotion does the content invoke when discussing the condition of man?

<p>Frustration and longing for a better existence. (A)</p>
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Flashcards

What is Man?

The fundamental question regarding human nature and its significance.

Pessimistic Naturalism

A perspective that views humans as essentially flawed and driven by base instincts.

Optimistic Idealism

A perspective that elevates humans to a high level of capability and potential.

Dichotomy in Man

The inherent duality in human nature, encompassing both good and evil, greatness and weakness.

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Realistic Perspective on Man

A view of human nature that encompasses both pessimism and optimism, recognizing the complexities and contradictions of our existence.

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Noble in Reason

The ability to think rationally and to reason.

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Infinite in Faculty

The potential for endless learning and growth.

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In Action how like an angel!

The remarkable ability to act with kindness and compassion.

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Greek Doctrine of Man

The belief that the human body is inherently depraved and a barrier to spiritual growth.

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Christian Doctrine of Man

The Christian belief that the human body is sacred and not intrinsically evil.

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Man as an Animal

A physical being that occupies space and time, distinct from pure spirit.

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God's Goodness in Creation

The idea that God's creation is inherently good, including the human body.

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Man as 'a little less than God'

The concept that humans, while created in God's image, are also finite beings with limitations.

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Man's Physical Needs

The belief that we should be concerned about physical and material well-being.

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Man's Holistic Needs

The importance of addressing both the spiritual and physical needs of individuals.

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Christian Social Responsibility

The Christian perspective that includes concern for the physical well-being of individuals.

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What makes humans distinct from animals?

The inherent ability of humans to think, reason, and possess a mind that transcends the physical realm.

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How does the human mind shape our existence?

The unique capacity of humans to engage in intellectual pursuits, create art, and build civilizations, all through the power of their minds.

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What is the nature of human freedom?

The human capacity for freedom and choice. It is not driven by instinct like animals, instead operating with free will.

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What is idealistic optimism?

A belief in the inherent goodness of humans and their ability to achieve greatness through reason, morality, and spiritual connection.

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What is a realistic perspective on human nature?

Recognizing that humans have both the potential for greatness and the capacity for flaws and imperfections.

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What does Christianity say about human nature?

Humans are created in the image of God, possessing a spiritual dimension and inherent capacity for reason, but also fallen from that perfect state.

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What is pessimistic naturalism?

The belief that humans are essentially driven by base instincts and are naturally flawed.

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What is the dichotomy in man?

The inherent duality of human nature, encompassing both the good and the bad, the beautiful and the ugly, the noble and the base.

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What is the fundamental conflict in Christianity?

The conflict between God and man, where man is inherently flawed and needs divine grace.

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What is the struggle between ‘is ness’ and ‘ought ness’?

The tendency to choose the wrong path despite knowing the right one, a struggle between 'is' and 'ought.'

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Why would someone cry out, “Lord, be merciful to me, a sinner.”?

The realization that we are not inherently good, leading to a desire for God's mercy.

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How does our mentality outrun our morality?

The gap between our intellectual advancements and moral maturity, leading to ethical dilemmas.

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What is the freedom of choice?

The ability to choose from alternatives, whether good or bad, high or low.

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What does it mean to be a sinner?

The state of being separated from God and His righteousness due to our choices and actions.

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What is the inherent nature of man in Christianity?

The idea that we are all naturally inclined to act in a way that is contrary to God's will.

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Why is divine grace necessary?

The need for God's grace and forgiveness to bridge the gap between our flawed nature and His perfect standard.

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Collective Sin

Human sinfulness is amplified when individuals act collectively, creating societal problems. This exacerbates individual sins and leads to larger scale injustice.

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Recurring Patterns of Sin

Individuals and nations often fail to learn from history, repeating destructive patterns over long periods. This illustrates the cyclical nature of human sin and its consequences.

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Progressively Evil

Modern weapons, like atomic bombs, escalate the destructive potential of humanity. We still engage in violence but with more potent means, highlighting the increasing severity of human sin.

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Consequences of Sin

The consequences of societal sin are severe, causing suffering, economic hardship, and psychological trauma. This underscores the deep impact of human sin on individuals and nations.

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Yearning for Better

Despite the prevalent sin and despair, there exists a deep-seated yearning within humans for a better life. This innate desire points to a longing for something beyond the current state of existence.

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Repentance and Change

A critical step towards redemption is repentance, acknowledging our transgressions and committing to change. Both individuals and nations need to turn back to God and embrace a more just path.

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The Prodigal Son

The parable highlights the consequences of leaving God and pursuing self-interest. This leads to a sense of emptiness and a need to return to what truly matters.

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God's Unconditional Love

The father's unconditional love and welcoming embrace symbolize God's forgiveness and desire for our return. This parable emphasizes the possibility of redemption and restoration.

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Study Notes

What is Man?

  • The address was delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Chicago Sunday Evening Club in 1958.
  • The core question explored is "What is man?".
  • The answer to this question significantly influences societal structures, focusing on the conflict between totalitarianism and democracy.
  • Different viewpoints exist regarding humanity's nature.
  • Some believe that humans are flawed and essentially animals prone to error.
  • Others promote the idea of humans as noble beings with remarkable capabilities exemplified by intellectual prowess and divine-like qualities.
  • A realistic perspective acknowledges the dual nature of human beings: capable of both immense good and immense evil.

Pessimistic Naturalism

  • This viewpoint sees humans as flawed and potentially harmful, destined for destruction.
  • This perspective is exemplified by various historical and philosophical figures whose quotes and ideas are cited, potentially highlighting the nature and extent of the pessimistic viewpoint.

Idealistic Proportions

  • In contrast, some view humans with high ideals, praising their reasoning abilities and exceptional potential to perform great acts compared to other animals.
  • This philosophical perspective is reflected through quotes and allusions.

Realistic Doctrine of Man

  • Emphasizes the material body, critical to human existence.
  • Argues that man's worth transcends mere physical aspects or material possessions, noting that the human essence is spiritual.
  • Man's intrinsic worth and inherent spirit is a key concept.
  • Man's physical imperfections are addressed, acknowledging that mankind is prone to sin.
  • Acknowledges man's spirit, intellect, and rational capacity that distinguishes them from animals.
  • The relationship between humans and animals is contrasted to highlight the unique properties of humans.
  • Man's limitations and potential for improvement are discussed.

Man's Material Body

  • Acknowledges that humans are physical beings, as opposed to solely spiritual entitites.
  • Highlights that mankind possesses a body and emphasizes its importance and significance.
  • Critique of solely focusing on the spiritual aspect is made, with a critical note that spiritual philosophies should account for the significance of man's material being.

Man and Material Well-being

  • Suggests that a well-functioning society prioritizes the physical needs of its members, as well as spiritual ones.
  • Highlights that humans depend on material aspects, such as food and shelter.
  • Emphasizes that materialistic approaches are not sufficient for comprehending a complete human being.

Man's Spiritual Nature

  • Contends that humans have a spirit that separates them from the animal kingdom.
  • Highlights rational capacity, the ability to reason and think, which is a unique human characteristic.
  • Emphasizes that humans have a higher purpose that transcends physical existence.

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