Path lab 1 NEURO 2

Explain what "von Hippel-Lindau disease" is. Indicate morphologic features of von Hippel-disease

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, inherited disorder caused by mutations in the VHL gene, leading to the formation of benign and malignant tumors in multiple organs. Morphologic features: Hemangioblastomas, Renal cell carcinoma, Pheochromocytomas, Pancreatic cysts

Explain microscopic histology of schwannoma and neurofibroma

Schwannoma has mixed cellularity, palisading pattern Neurofibroma has wavy spindle cells, encapsulated

Explain why it is important with grading and deactivated grades

Grading assesses tumor differentiation, guiding prognosis, treatment, and disease monitoring.

Deactivated grades are outdated systems replaced by standardized methods for accuracy and consistency.

Describe macroscopic and microscopic structure of glioblastoma

High cellularity, pleomorphism, necrosis, and vascular proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Indicate and describe microscopic and macroscopic morphologic features and molecular immunohistochemical profile of astrocytoma

Macroscopic: Poorly defined, infiltrative, firm, located in the frontal lobes. Microscopic: Grade 2: Well-differentiated, low mitotic rate. Grade 3: Cellular atypia, increased mitotic activity. Grade 4: Necrosis, microvascular proliferation, high mitotic rate . Profile: IDH-mutant, ATRX-mutant, p53-mutant. Signup and view all the answers

Indicate and describe general morphologic features of metastatic neoplasms of brain

Direct compression and destruction of brain tissue. Causes cerebral edema, hemorrhage, and increased intracranial pressure . Signup and view all the answers

Explain what "neurofibromatosis" is. Indicate and describe classifications of neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder causing tumors to form on nerve tissue, affecting the skin, nerves, and other systems. Neurofibromatosis classifications: NF1: Common, with café-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules. NF2: Bilateral vestibular schwannomas, hearing loss, and CNS tumors. Schwannomatosis: Multiple schwannomas causing pain, no hearing loss. Signup and view all the answers

Schwannoma affects which of the following?

Peripheral and cranial nerves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the macroscopic morphologic features and molecular immunohistochemical profiles that differentiate astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma?

Astrocytomas typically present as poorly defined, infiltrative masses with fibrillary morphology, while oligodendrogliomas often appear as well-circumscribed, gelatinous lesions with a fried egg appearance. Immunohistochemically, astrocytomas are IDH-mutant/ATRX-mutant/p53-mutant, whereas oligodendrogliomas are characterized by IDH-mutant/ ATRX-wildtype / p53-mutant + 1p/19q deletion Signup and view all the answers

What are some complications of cerebral neoplasms?

Increased intracranial pressure, neurological deficits, seizures, and hydrocephalus, poor life quality Signup and view all the answers

Grade 1

lesion with low proliferative potential Signup and view all the answers

Grade 2

has infiltrative growth pattern, low proliferative activity, often reccur after treatment Signup and view all the answers

Grade 3

histological evidence of malignancy, including nuclear atypia and moderate rate of mitoses Signup and view all the answers

Grade 4

significant rate of mitoses, necrosis, significant cellular and nuclear polymorphism Signup and view all the answers

Astrocytoma location

supratentorial compartment, mostly – frontal cerebral lobes Signup and view all the answers

Name the 3 types of meningioma and describe them.

<ol> <li>Fibrous meningioma: Usually benign, characterized by a fibrous tissue composition. 2. Transitional meningioma: Often considered benign but can exhibit some atypical features, having both fibrous and cellular areas. 3. Anaplastic meningioma: Malignant and aggressive, showing significant cellular atypia and a tendency for recurrence.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers