Wetlands Ecosystem Management in Ghana
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the increase in urban population is expected to occur in Africa and Asia?

  • 90% (correct)
  • 60%
  • 70%
  • 80%
  • Which of the following activities dominated the wetland at the Densu Delta Ramsar Site in the early 2000s?

  • Residential development and industrialization
  • Fishing and tourism
  • Forestry and mining
  • Vegetable farming and livestock rearing (correct)
  • What is the primary process driving changes in land use at the Densu Delta Ramsar Site?

  • Urbanization (correct)
  • Natural disasters
  • Agricultural intensification
  • Climate change
  • Which of the following statements about the land transformation at the Sakumo II Ramsar Site is true?

    <p>It is intensively driven by urbanization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant threat to the wetland mentioned in the content?

    <p>Built-up expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the conversion of wetlands to impervious surfaces?

    <p>Negative impacts on biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between urbanization and land transformation at the Densu Delta Ramsar Site?

    <p>Urbanization is the main driver of land transformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions is urban population increase expected to be close to 90%?

    <p>Africa and Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interval level of Intensity Analysis primarily assess?

    <p>The overall change in each time interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ramser sites had a distinct classification scheme unlike the others?

    <p>Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the overall annual land use and land cover change for Sakumo II in the first time interval?

    <p>1.47%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method was employed to assess LULC change patterns in coastal urban wetlands?

    <p>Intensity Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a 'fast' annual change defined in this study?

    <p>When the annual change exceeds the uniform change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imagery and data were used to classify the satellite images?

    <p>Topographic maps and Google Earth images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following wetlands was part of the study conducted on LULC change in Ghana?

    <p>Densu Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of LULC categories were observed to grow at the expense of natural categories?

    <p>Human-induced categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the category level of Intensity Analysis evaluate?

    <p>The variations in intensity of change among LULC categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LULC class was included in the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Site classification?

    <p>Burnt land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which years was the LULC change pattern assessed in the study?

    <p>1985–2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the observed annual change for Muni-Pomadze in the second time interval?

    <p>2.91%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of this study, what is the significance of using GPS coordinates?

    <p>As reference data for classifying satellite images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is identified as driving wetland landscape transformation?

    <p>Global environmental change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criteria for determining whether a change in land use is considered 'slow'?

    <p>It is smaller than the uniform change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the overall annual change for Densu Delta in the second time interval?

    <p>2.60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the inadequate resolution of satellite images used in the study?

    <p>The resolution of 30 m was insufficient for separating land use categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly reflects the status of wetland conservation efforts in Ghana?

    <p>Efforts have been insufficient to prevent wetland loss due to urbanization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of land use/land cover categories, which type had the largest area in 2017 according to the study?

    <p>Human-induced categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were many Landsat satellite images deemed unsuitable for the study?

    <p>They did not meet the predetermined quality criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the rapid replacement of vegetated surfaces with impervious surfaces?

    <p>Negative consequences of anthropogenic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT identified as a contributing factor to the changes in land use/land cover categories?

    <p>Natural environmental changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did unequal time intervals have according to the study?

    <p>They were shown to have no effect on Intensity Analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the timeframe studied in relation to land use/land cover transitions in the Densu Delta and Sakumo II Ramsar Sites?

    <p>2002–2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in built-up/bareland in coastal urban wetlands?

    <p>Reclamation of wetlands for physical development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may account for some of the apparent transition from water to built-up/bareland?

    <p>Data error from image classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an intervention to protect coastal urban wetlands?

    <p>Reforestation projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time interval did the land transformation pattern shift significantly?

    <p>2002–2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation mentioned regarding land use and land cover (LULC) classification?

    <p>Built-up and bareland were classified together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these does NOT represent a factor contributing to the increasing demand for coastal urban lands?

    <p>Environmental conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for the effective implementation of protections for coastal urban wetlands?

    <p>Deliberate and concerted efforts by relevant agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which time interval is indicated to show intensity analysis for the wetlands?

    <p>1985–2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Wetland Transformation in Ghana

    • Coastal urban wetlands in Ghana are critical ecosystems undergoing significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes due to urbanization.
    • Key wetlands studied include the Densu Delta, Sakumo II, and Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Sites for the years 1985-2017.
    • Overall annual changes observed:
      • Densu Delta: 2.42% (1985-2002), 2.60% (2002-2017)
      • Sakumo II: 1.47% (1985-2002), 3.55% (2002-2017)
      • Muni-Pomadze: 2.65% (1985-2002), 2.91% (2002-2017)

    Methodology

    • Intensity Analysis employed to assess patterns of LULC changes, conducted at interval, category, and transition levels.
    • Wetland boundaries digitized from topographic maps; satellite images classified using GPS data.
    • Densu Delta and Sakumo II categorized into four LULC classes: marsh, thicket, water, and built-up/bareland; Muni-Pomadze classified into six categories including dense forest and cultivated land.

    Driving Factors of Change

    • Rapid urbanization identified as the main driver of LULC change, with implications for biodiversity loss.
    • Natural categories are being replaced by human-induced developments such as residential and commercial infrastructure.
    • Increased conflict over land use indicates a pressing need for coordinated wetland conservation efforts to balance development and ecological integrity.

    Findings and Implications

    • Built-up/bareland gains largely attributed to wetland reclamation for physical development in the first time interval.
    • Transition level analysis reveals increasing conversion of wetlands to impervious surfaces, negatively impacting ecosystem functions.
    • Agricultural activities, such as vegetable farming and livestock rearing, contribute to changes in wetland dynamics, complicating preservation efforts.

    Study Limitations

    • Some LULC categories, such as built-up and bareland, merged for analysis due to limitations in satellite image resolution (30 m).
    • High-resolution images were intermittently available, preventing comprehensive assessment across all years studied.
    • Unequal time intervals in data collection were noted but did not detrimentally affect the integrity of the Intensity Analysis.

    Recommendations

    • Specific interventions required to protect Ghana's coastal urban wetlands from destructive urban expansion.
    • Urgent calls for innovative land-use management strategies to maximize limited urban space while preserving wetland ecosystems.
    • Strengthened enforcement of laws and regulations aimed at wetland conservation is crucial for mitigating urban encroachment.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of land use and land cover change in Ghana's coastal urban wetlands. This quiz covers key findings from a study on the ecological importance of these wetlands and the impacts of urbanization. Test your knowledge on the environmental challenges and management strategies relevant to this vital ecosystem.

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