Western Roman Empire Fall
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Questions and Answers

What event symbolically marks the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

  • The Battle of the Milvian Bridge
  • The rise of Charlemagne
  • The Edict of Milan
  • The year 476 (correct)

    • The Edict of Milan granted official recognition to Buddhism.

    False

    Who was the emperor responsible for the Edict of Milan?

    Emperor Constantine

    The __________ marked the official start of Christianity as the state religion under Theodosius I.

    <p>Theodosius I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures/events with their significance:

    <p>Theodosius I = Officially established Christianity as the state religion Charlemagne = King who united much of Western Europe Constantine = Issued the Edict of Milan Augustine's City of God = Significant theological work influencing Christian thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdom rose during the Early Middle Ages?

    <p>Frankish kingdoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of Islam occurred during the Late Middle Ages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Crusades?

    <p>To reclaim the Holy Land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event in 378 marked significant immigration into Roman territories?

    <p>Death of Emperor Valens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The collapse of the Western Roman Empire began primarily due to internal struggles rather than external invasions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who deposed Romulus Augustulus, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire?

    <p>Odovacar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a group that migrated and significantly impacted the Roman Empire's decline.

    <p>Visigoths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups captured Carthage in 439?

    <p>Vandals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their corresponding years:

    <p>Death of Emperor Valens = 378 Sack of Rome by Alaric = 410 Capture of Carthage by Vandals = 439 End of Western Roman Empire = 476</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of Islam began with the teachings of the prophet Mohammed and led to territorial expansion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the dynasties that were established after the death of Mohammed.

    <p>Umayyads or Abbasids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became emir of the Emirate of Cordoba after defeating the provincial governor?

    <p>Abd al-Rahman I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslim rulers were generally more tolerant of other faiths compared to Christian rulers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the coexistence of Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Islamic Spain?

    <p>convivencia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslim scholars preserved Graeco-Roman __________ throughout medieval Europe’s prolonged Dark Ages.

    <p>science and philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements to their corresponding sources:

    <p>Muslim rulers were more tolerant = The Economist, 2001 Muslim scholars preserved classical knowledge = Heck, 2007 There was no harmonious convivencia = Fernández-Morera, 2016 Byzantines preserved Greek classics = Fernández-Morera, 2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the criticisms against Fernández-Morera's perspective on Islamic Spain?

    <p>He argued that Muslims, Christians, and Jews experienced discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historians unanimously agree that Islamic Spain was characterized by peaceful coexistence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what right did the Muslim have in the struggle in infidel lands?

    <p>every right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key outcome of the Donation of Constantine?

    <p>It claimed that Constantine donated power to the Pope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The East-West Schism was primarily caused by conflicts solely related to theological differences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which papacy did the Donation of Constantine first get cited?

    <p>Pope Leo IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pope Gregory VII reformed the Church to strengthen its position in the face of the _____ Schism.

    <p>East-West</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the term 'Investiture' refer to during the Investiture Controversy?

    <p>The act of investing a bishop with public office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gregory VII supported lay control over church appointments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major reform initiated by Pope Gregory VII?

    <p>Establishing Papal primacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Simony = Buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges Papal Primacy = The Pope's authority as the supreme leader of the Church Dictatus Papae = A statement of Pope Gregory VII asserting papal power Nicolaism = Clerical marriage or sexual misconduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Gregory take against Henry IV in 1076?

    <p>He excommunicated Henry IV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Henry IV was successful in keeping his crown after the initial excommunication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Henry IV do in 1080 in response to Gregory's actions?

    <p>He appointed his own pope, anti-pope Clement III.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conflict between the supporters of the emperor and those loyal to the pope was known as the _____ conflict.

    <p>Gregorian civil war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the Concordat of Worms in 1122?

    <p>The Emperor and the Pope established a balance of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early Scholasticism focused solely on biblical interpretation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which figure proposed that reason supplements faith during the Early Scholasticism period?

    <p>Anselm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their descriptions:

    <p>Gregory's excommunication of Henry IV = 1076 Henrys' appointment of anti-pope Clement III = 1080 The Concordat of Worms = 1122 Gregory's exile = 1084</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key developments during the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century?

    <p>Increased interest in classical texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The analytical approach focused on the emotional aspects of texts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methodology did Scholasticists use to reach the 'one irrefutable Truth'?

    <p>Sic et non method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___________ was a notable legal document rediscovered during the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century.

    <p>Justinian’s Digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Distinctio = Differentiation Equiparatio = Similarization Dialectica = Discussion through quaestiones and disputationes Sic et Non = Finding evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor increased the prominence of the Reconquista in the early 11th century?

    <p>Fragmentation of Muslim territories into taifas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of the Third Estate, or 'Burghers,' was a notable trend during the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cities developed universities during the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century?

    <p>Bologna and Oxford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Middle Ages Overview

    • Key topics include state-building, diplomacy, Christianity and Islam, migrations, invasions, church-state relations, cultural revivals, crusades, and empire collapses.
    • Three time periods are Early Middle Ages (approximately 500-1000), High Middle Ages (approximately 1000-1315), and Late Middle Ages (approximately 1315-1453). These periods are sometimes extended to 1492.
    • Three regions are Continental/Western/Latin Europe, Al-Andalus, and the Byzantine Empire.

    Lecture 1: Early Middle Ages

    • Fall of the Western Roman Empire (WRE) is a significant event
    • The rise of Frankish kingdoms occurred after this
    • Early Christianity and expansion
    • Rise of Islam
    • Conquest of Spain
    • King Charlemagne

    The Rise of Christianity

    • Created in the 1st Century AD
    • Christian ideals were attractive to the middle class and provincials
    • Edict of Milan (313) officially recognized Christianity
    • Emperor Constantine was a driving force
    • The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312)
    • Official 'state religion' under Theodosius I (379-395)
    • Augustine's City of God is an important work

    The Fall of the Western Roman Empire

    • Symbolically marked by 476
    • Disintegration offers insights into migration, religious, and political shifts
    • Crisis of the 3rd Century (20+ emperors in 50 years), damaging the Roman elite
    • Power shifted towards barbarian forces

    The West: Migrations

    • Roman Empire implemented immigration policies
    • The period saw large-scale migrations of tribes
    • Notable groups included Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Anglo-Saxons, and Burgundians.

    The South: Islam

    • The rise of Islam began with the prophet Muhammad.
    • Muhammad's teachings led to rapid territorial expansion.

    The East

    • The Eastern Roman Empire (ERE) thrived after the fall of the WRE
    • Challenges included religious dissent (such as Nestorianism and Monophysitism)
    • Emperor Justinian I was a figure who held significant influence in the ERE
    • The ERE persisted as "Roman Empire"

    The Rise of Frankish Kingdoms

    • Clovis I (482-511) was the first of the Merovingians.
    • The kingdoms were organized and influenced by Roman and Christian elements
    • Followed by approximately 200 years of internal conflicts.

    Early Developments in the ERE

    • Reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565)
    • Wars with Persia
    • Recapture of Roman Provinces in the West
    • Re-establish the old Roman Empire's glory

    The Two Swords Doctrine

    • Imperial authority collapsed in the West and Germanic tribes conquered
    • Important for the relationships between the Eastern and Western Churches
    • Secular and spiritual authority were divided among the Frankish Kings and the Pope

    Signs of a Schism

    • Gregory I the Great was a Byzantine.
    • Rome was temporarily reconquered by Justinian
    • Byzantine influence was consistently low in practice.
    • The Pope held great local power
    • The 7th Century saw a slow move toward Papal autonomy
    • Conflict arose between the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor due to religious reforms

    The Investiture Controversy

    • German kings sought to increase their control of bishops.
    • The Pope's authority was challenged. (Gregory issued Dictatus Papae)
    • Conflict between the Pope and Henry IV led to excommunication and conflict.
    • The Concordat of Worms (1122) sought a compromise amidst the conflict.

    Early Scholasticism

    • Combined faith & reason in the late 11th Century
    • Figures like Anselm played integral roles in the scholarly inquiry
    • Scholasticism highlighted the study of classical texts along with biblical interpretation
    • Scholasticists found truth in core texts.

    The High Middle Ages, Part 2

    • Renaissance of the 12th Century, particularly between 1070 and 1225
    • Notable factors included climate change, technological advancements, and increased agricultural productivity

    The Reconquista

    • Christian kingdoms gained traction in the 11th Century due to military opportunies
    • Religious changes and cultural changes against the Arabs
    • The key events include the Siege of Toledo (1085) and the Battle of Sagrajas (1086).

    The Crusades

    • The First Crusade (1096-1099) was initiated by the Council of Clermont.
    • The goal was to reclaim Jerusalem, but the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) resulted in Byzantine empire's temporary destruction.
    • The Second Crusade (1145-1150)
    • The Third Crusade (1189-1192). Saladin's conquests marked a low point for the Crusades.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key events and figures that marked the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Explore topics such as the Edict of Milan, internal struggles, and the rise of Islam during the Early Middle Ages. Match significant events and identify important historical figures in this comprehensive quiz.

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