33 Questions
In avalanche terminology, what is the zone where the avalanche decelerates and finally comes to rest?
Run-out zone
What type of snow conditions can contribute to the development of avalanche conditions?
Shallow areas with variable depth snow packs
Which environmental effects can contribute to avalanche conditions?
Variation in temperature, wind, humidity
What events can trigger the occurrence of avalanches?
Temperature changes
Which type of avalanche consists of heavy, wet, sun-heated or rainrotted snow?
Wet snow avalanche
When do wet snow avalanches occur most commonly?
In spring and summer on south-facing slopes
What are the characteristics of slab avalanches?
Simultaneously set in motion over a large area, may start in shallow or deep snow layers, and are the most dangerous
What should teams performing rescue operations in an avalanche area be mentally prepared for?
The possibility of being overtaken by an avalanche themselves
What precautions should be taken when crossing an avalanche track?
Select the shortest possible route high on the slope or low in the run-out zone
What are the minimum required equipment for every avalanche rescuer?
Avalanche probe, transceiver (beacon), and shovel
What type of ice is considered the strongest form of ice?
Clear or natural ice (black or blue hue)
What may affect an ice's ability to support a load when travelling on ice?
The vehicle's speed and weight, as well as the depth of the water creating a resonance wave
What is the main focus of Chapter 3 of the Western Canada Mine Rescue Manual?
Avalanche terms and concepts
In avalanche-prone areas, what must mines develop?
An avalanche emergency response plan
What is the role of a qualified avalanche safety officer in an active avalanche situation?
Conduct a risk assessment and establish safety measures
What are the three main parts of an avalanche?
Starting zone, path, runout zone
What does the term 'starting zone' refer to in the context of avalanches?
Where the unstable snow first breaks away
What must mine rescue teams be aware of regarding environmental conditions?
Special dangers associated with environmental conditions
Who must be identified and consulted in an active avalanche situation?
Avalanche safety officer
What is the intended purpose of Chapter 3 in relation to avalanches?
To provide basic avalanche awareness only
What should mines operating in avalanche-prone areas tailor their avalanche emergency response plan to?
'Their mine's unique conditions'
When do avalanches occur?
At any time provided the right conditions are present
What is the primary responsibility of a qualified avalanche safety officer?
Assess the risk and establish safety measures
What must be done prior to planning emergency operations in an active avalanche situation?
Identify and consult with a qualified avalanche safety officer
What is the leading cause of death for people in the outdoors?
Hypothermia
What is the temperature range for severe hypothermia in degrees Celsius?
32.2–30.0
What technique can increase predicted survival time by up to 50% in cold water?
Huddle Position
Which area of the body loses heat fastest in cold water?
Chest
What is the most critical heat-loss area in the body?
Head and neck
Exposure to which of these factors can contribute to the development of hypothermia?
Wind and water
Which condition is a symptom of moderate hypothermia?
Violent shivering
"Hypothermia is caused by overexposure to a cold environment and can develop very quickly if proper precautions are not taken." What increases the risk of developing hypothermia?
"Inadequate clothing"
"Hypothermia is a condition of lowered internal body-core temperature." What contributes to lowering internal body-core temperature?
"Chilling by cold, wind, or water"
Test your knowledge of environmental conditions in mines with this quiz based on Chapter 3 of the Western Canada Mine Rescue Manual. Topics include avalanche terms, concepts, equipment, ice travel, and thermal stress.
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