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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum allowed weld reinforcement for a base material thickness of ¼ in. and under?
What is the purpose of ensuring the surface condition of finished welds is suitable?
What is the definition of the 'size' of an equal leg fillet weld?
What is the minimum X min. for slip-on and socket-welded flanges?
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What is the purpose of progressive sampling?
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What should external weld reinforcement and internal weld protrusion do?
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What is the maximum allowable undercut for welds?
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Why is the surface condition of finished welds important?
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What is the limit for excess root penetration in single-welded joints with a nominal wall thickness of 1/4 in.?
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Why is it important to ensure the weld surface is free from coarse ripples, grooves, overlaps, abrupt ridges, undercut, and valleys?
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What happens when there is a question regarding the surface condition on the interpretation of a radiographic film?
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What is the limitation for concavity of the root surface in single-welded joints?
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Study Notes
Weld Reinforcement and Acceptance Criteria
- Weld reinforcement exceeding specified amounts in the weld reinforcement table is considered unacceptable.
Socket and Fillet Welds
- As-welded surfaces are permitted, but must be free from coarse ripples, grooves, overlaps, abrupt ridges, undercut, and valleys.
- The surface condition of finished welds must be suitable for non-destructive examinations.
- Fillet welds may vary from convex to concave.
- The size of a fillet weld is determined by the length of the largest inscribed right Isosceles triangle (equal leg) or the leg length of the largest right triangle (unequal leg).
- Theoretical throat of an equal leg fillet weld is 0.7 times the size.
Fillet Weld Profiles and Slip-On/Socket Welded Flanges
- Typical minimum fillet weld details for slip-on flanges and socket-welding components are provided in fillet weld diagrams.
- For slip-on and socket-welded flanges, X min. is 1.4 times T1 (minimum pipe wall thickness) or thickness of the hub, whichever is smaller, but not less than 1/8 in.
Weld Reinforcement Table (ASME B31.3)
- Thickness of reinforcement or internal weld protrusion depends on the thickness of the base material.
- External weld reinforcement and internal weld protrusion must be fused with and merged smoothly into the component surface.
Acceptance Criteria for Completed Welds (Butt Welds)
- As-welded surfaces are permitted, but must be free from coarse ripples, grooves, overlaps, abrupt ridges, undercut, and valleys.
- The surface condition of finished welds must be suitable for radiographic and other non-destructive examinations.
- Undercuts must not exceed 1/32 in. and shall not encroach on the minimum required section thickness.
- Concavity of the root surface must not reduce the total thickness of the joint, including reinforcement, to less than the nominal thickness of the thinner component being joined.
- Excess root penetration is limited to 1/8 in. or 25% of the nominal wall thickness of the thinner component being joined, down to ¼ in. wall thickness.
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Description
This quiz covers the acceptable weld profile criteria for completed butt welds, including surface conditions and requirements for non-destructive examinations. Learn about the standards for as-welded surfaces, surface finish, and more. Test your understanding of the weld profile acceptance criteria.
