Weight Loss Maintenance Quiz

A condition characterized by extreme weakness, usually resulting from a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1). It primarily affects the nerves and heart. Primarily associated with consuming polished rice (white rice) which lacks thiamine.

The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is the internal space within the digestive system, from the mouth to the rectum. It's essentially the 'outside' of the body, as it's continuous with the external environment.

The main nerve that connects the brain to various organs involved in digestion, including the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and others. It plays a crucial role in controlling digestive processes.

The process of enriching food with essential nutrients to prevent deficiencies. A classic example is the fortification of bread with niacin to prevent pellagra.

A condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, leading to symptoms like fatigue, bleeding gums, and slow wound healing. Historically, it was common among sailors on long voyages.

A serious condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, leading to anemia, neurological problems, and even death. It's typically treated with regular injections of vitamin B12.

These are organs not directly part of the digestive tract but play a crucial role in digestion: Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.

A condition resulting from a deficiency in iodine that leads to problems with thyroid hormone production, causing physical and mental development issues. This condition was once common in regions where iodine intake was inadequate.

The digestive system's first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens, preventing unwanted substances from entering the bloodstream.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The process where the digestive tract absorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes, delivering them to the bloodstream.

The specialized blood vessels connecting the digestive system to the liver, transporting absorbed nutrients.

Involves the liver secreting bile, which aids in fat digestion and is reabsorbed in the intestines. This cycle allows for efficient reuse of bile.

Triggered before food enters the stomach, this phase involves the brain stimulating gastric secretions, preparing the digestive system.

The main phase of digestion in the stomach, involving the breakdown of food and the release of digestive enzymes and acids.

After food leaves the stomach, this phase slows down gastric secretion and motility, allowing for efficient processing in the small intestine.

These proteins accelerate or slow down chemical reactions within the body, allowing metabolic processes to occur at a suitable pace.

These proteins act like delivery trucks, moving substances across cell membranes into or out of the cell.

These proteins are part of the immune system, recognizing and neutralizing foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses.

These proteins help muscles contract and relax, enabling movement.

These proteins act as chemical messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.

Proteins play a vital role in maintaining the right balance of fluids and acidity in your body.

This is a condition caused by a lack of sufficient protein in the diet.

This measures the amount of protein your body needs based on the balance between protein intake and loss.

The human body actively tries to maintain its current weight, making weight loss difficult. When we reduce calorie intake, our bodies respond by decreasing energy expenditure and increasing appetite to defend our existing weight.

Successful long-term weight loss maintenance usually involves two key factors: regular exercise and a low-energy density (low-fat) diet.

Fitness is the ability to perform aerobic work, meaning the capacity for sustained physical activity. It's not directly linked to weight, and individuals can be fit regardless of their body mass.

While it's possible to be overweight or obese and fit, it's not as common as being thin and unfit. Sumo wrestlers are a classic example of fit individuals with high body fat.

Maintaining a healthy body weight is important for overall health, but focusing on fitness is equally crucial. Fitness contributes to better health and can enhance quality of life.

A naturally occurring hormone produced by the gut that helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin release and slowing gastric emptying.

A naturally occurring hormone that is resistant to breakdown by enzymes, making it more effective for longer.

GLP-1's ability to reduce appetite and promote fullness.

A drug derived from the saliva of the Gila Monster and approved for treating diabetes.

A potential side effect of high carbohydrate intake, particularly fructose.

Individuals who are more susceptible to negative health effects from high carbohydrate consumption.

A measurement of how well the kidneys filter waste from the blood.

The ability of GLP-1 to promote weight loss, lower blood sugar, and improve cardiovascular health.

The ability of the body to efficiently use oxygen during physical activity, reflecting the capacity of the heart, lungs, and blood to deliver oxygen to working muscles and the muscles' ability to utilize the oxygen.

A condition characterized by having a high amount of body fat despite appearing lean. These individuals may have a seemingly low BMI but still experience increased risk of chronic diseases.

The energy used by the body at rest, primarily determined by lean body mass, especially muscle mass.

The ability of the body to use and store energy effectively, often related to the presence of adequate insulin sensitivity and efficient glucose utilization by cells.

A complex group of diseases and conditions often linked to being overweight or obese. They include diabetes, heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and other metabolic disorders.

A health condition where a person has very high levels of bad cholesterol (LDL), low levels of good cholesterol (HDL), and other lipid abnormalities.

A condition that involves several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity.

Increased risk of developing a disease due to the presence of multiple risk factors, even if each individual factor is only moderately elevated.