Week 7 - 8: The Mechanical and Chemical Senses
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Questions and Answers

What type of sensations are included in the mechanical senses?

  • Visual sensations
  • Touch, pain, body sensations, and vestibular sensations (correct)
  • Taste sensations
  • Auditory sensations
  • Which organ is responsible for monitoring head movements and directing eye movements for balance?

  • Gustatory organ
  • Vestibular organ (correct)
  • Auditory organ
  • Olfactory organ
  • What stimulates the hair cells in the otolith organs?

  • Body position changes
  • Semicircular canals
  • Otoliths (correct)
  • Pressure
  • Which receptors are responsible for detecting deep pressure?

    <p>Pressure receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle do receptors following specific stimuli adhere to?

    <p>Labeled-line principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle describes receptors responding to various stimuli contributing to perception?

    <p>Across-fiber pattern principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of melatonin in the regulation of sleepiness?

    <p>Resetting the biological clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells respond to light changes and play a role in resetting the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?

    <p>Retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter plays a role in promoting wakefulness by releasing from brain structures like the locus coeruleus?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep disorder is characterized by frequent daytime sleepiness along with symptoms like cataplexy and sleep paralysis?

    <p>Narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure increases alertness and is part of the brain mechanisms regulating arousal and attention?

    <p>Reticular formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with blind, what cells play a role in regulating sleep-wake cycles by responding to light changes?

    <p>Retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary zeitgeber for land animals?

    <p>Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Regulating sleep and temperature rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of disruptions to circadian rhythms?

    <p>Sleep disturbances and inefficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of 'larks'?

    <p>Being early risers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a secondary zeitgeber?

    <p>Meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mutations in the SCN?

    <p>Alteration of circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting taste signals to the brain?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of smell?

    <p>Anosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which pathway are touch signals transmitted?

    <p>Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of taste?

    <p>Ageusia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of endogenous circadian rhythms?

    <p>To regulate daily cycles of wakefulness and sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for disorders related to the processing of sensory information?

    <p>Sensory processing disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a toucan's large bill?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of homeostasis?

    <p>To maintain body variables within a narrow range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the body's response to infection, leading to fever?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is responsible for regulating hunger and satiety?

    <p>Arcuate nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dynamic changes in set points in response to environmental or life changes?

    <p>Allostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans regulate water balance?

    <p>By drinking more water than necessary and excreting excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

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