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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for force?
What is the formula for force?
- mass ÷ acceleration
- mass × acceleration (correct)
- mass + acceleration
- mass - acceleration
What are vector quantities?
What are vector quantities?
Forces that have both size and direction
What does equilibrium refer to?
What does equilibrium refer to?
A stable situation in which forces cancel one another
What is velocity?
What is velocity?
What does acceleration mean?
What does acceleration mean?
Pressure is calculated as _____.
Pressure is calculated as _____.
How is work calculated?
How is work calculated?
Tension is measured in _____?
Tension is measured in _____?
Work is measured in _____?
Work is measured in _____?
Power is calculated as _____?
Power is calculated as _____?
Power is measured in _____?
Power is measured in _____?
1 horsepower is equivalent to _____?
1 horsepower is equivalent to _____?
What is mechanical advantage?
What is mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage can also be defined as _____?
Mechanical advantage can also be defined as _____?
What is a fulcrum?
What is a fulcrum?
What is the resistance arm?
What is the resistance arm?
What is the effort arm?
What is the effort arm?
To determine how much a lever reduces the amount of effort needed to do work, use _____?
To determine how much a lever reduces the amount of effort needed to do work, use _____?
The mechanical advantage of using a lever can be expressed as _____?
The mechanical advantage of using a lever can be expressed as _____?
The mechanical advantage of using a ramp can be calculated as _____?
The mechanical advantage of using a ramp can be calculated as _____?
What are block and tackle pulleys used for?
What are block and tackle pulleys used for?
In a simple pulley system, the force must equal the weight of the object.
In a simple pulley system, the force must equal the weight of the object.
What are gears used for?
What are gears used for?
If you have an even number of gears connected in a series, the first and last gear turn in the same direction.
If you have an even number of gears connected in a series, the first and last gear turn in the same direction.
If you have an odd number of gears connected in a series, the first and last gear turn in the same direction.
If you have an odd number of gears connected in a series, the first and last gear turn in the same direction.
The speed at which a gear rotates depends on the _____?
The speed at which a gear rotates depends on the _____?
What are bevel gears used for?
What are bevel gears used for?
When connected by a system of belts, pulleys can _____?
When connected by a system of belts, pulleys can _____?
How fast a pulley rotates depends on the diameter of the pulley in relation to _____?
How fast a pulley rotates depends on the diameter of the pulley in relation to _____?
What does a wheel and axle do?
What does a wheel and axle do?
Describe the relationship of a wheel and axle system.
Describe the relationship of a wheel and axle system.
What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?
What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?
The distance between the ridges of the spiral on the screw of a vise is called the _____ of the thread.
The distance between the ridges of the spiral on the screw of a vise is called the _____ of the thread.
The _____ the pitch of the thread, the farther the jaws of the vice move for each revolution of the handle.
The _____ the pitch of the thread, the farther the jaws of the vice move for each revolution of the handle.
Larger pitches require _____ force to rotate the handle than screws with smaller pitches do.
Larger pitches require _____ force to rotate the handle than screws with smaller pitches do.
What is a hydraulic jack used for?
What is a hydraulic jack used for?
What is the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic jack?
What is the mechanical advantage of a hydraulic jack?
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Study Notes
Key Mechanical Concepts
- Force is defined as mass multiplied by acceleration.
- Vector quantities refer to forces that possess both size and direction.
- Equilibrium signifies a stable condition where opposing forces balance each other.
Motion and Energy
- Velocity combines both speed and direction of a moving object.
- Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time.
- Work is calculated as force multiplied by distance.
- Power is derived from the relation of work over time.
Measurements
- Tension is measured in pounds-force or newtons.
- Work is quantified in foot-pounds.
- Power's unit of measurement is horsepower (hp), defined as 33,000 foot-pounds per minute or 550 foot-pounds per second.
Mechanical Advantage
- Mechanical advantage occurs when a machine amplifies the applied force.
- For levers, mechanical advantage can be expressed through the formula: effort arm divided by resistance arm.
- Ramp mechanical advantage is calculated by the length of the ramp over its height.
Lever Mechanics
- The fulcrum acts as the support point that aids in reducing resistance and increasing the effect of effort.
- The resistance arm is where the lever applies force to the object being moved.
- The effort arm is where the input force is applied on the lever.
Systems and Gear Mechanics
- Block and tackle pulleys simplify lifting heavy loads or redirect the pulling force.
- A simple pulley requires that the pulling force equals the weight of the object.
- Gears can alter direction, speed, and force ratio; the number of teeth determines the gear’s rotational speed.
Gear Interactions
- Even-numbered gears connected in series will rotate in opposite directions.
- Odd-numbered gears connected in series will rotate in the same direction.
Pulleys and Wheels
- The rotation speed of a pulley is influenced by its diameter compared to the driving pulley.
- Wheel and axle systems function together to magnify the applied effort, essentially turning the pedals of a bicycle.
Pitch and Threads
- Pitch denotes the distance between spiral ridges on a screw.
- A greater pitch results in the jaws of a vice moving farther for each turn of the handle.
- Higher pitch screws require more force to turn than those with lower pitches.
Hydraulic Systems
- A hydraulic jack operates by using an incompressible liquid, such as oil, to exert force and lift objects.
- The mechanical advantage of a hydraulic jack derives from the diameter ratio of its two cylinders.
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