Week 3 - Municipal Public Policy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of funding for municipal policing in Canada?

  • Provincial government grants
  • User fees
  • Federal government grants
  • Property taxes (correct)

Which of the following services is NOT typically provided by municipalities in Canada?

  • Education (correct)
  • Public transit
  • Fire protection
  • Waste removal

What organization is responsible for policing in rural parts of Alberta?

  • Calgary Police Service
  • Edmonton Police Service
  • Ontario Provincial Police
  • Royal Canadian Mounted Police (correct)

How do municipalities typically fund road maintenance and snow removal?

<p>Property taxes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these services is NOT typically funded by utility fees (like those on an Enmax bill)?

<p>Police services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical organizational structure of municipal fire departments in large cities?

<p>Operated by the municipality directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do municipalities typically handle garbage collection?

<p>They operate their own garbage collection services directly. (A), They contract the service out to private companies. (B), They provide incentives for residents to compost and recycle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of municipal expenditure that goes towards policing?

<p>11% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Calgary Economic Development?

<p>To foster economic growth and job creation within Calgary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the City of Calgary utilize its Land Use Bylaw?

<p>To define the permitted uses for specific areas within the city. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Municipal Development Plan differ from Land Use Bylaw?

<p>The Municipal Development Plan focuses on the long-term future of the city, while the Land Use Bylaw deals with immediate land use regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'attainable housing' in Calgary?

<p>To create housing options that are affordable for middle-income earners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Calgary Housing Company?

<p>To manage and expand the city's affordable housing stock. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the graph mentioned in the text, which issue is considered most important by Calgary residents?

<p>Access to public transportation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the upward sloping line in the graph indicate concerning issue importance?

<p>The issue becomes more important as cities grow larger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a 'special purpose body' contribute to the city's operations?

<p>By addressing specific issues within the city, such as tourism or economic development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main factors that limits city politics from pursuing redistributive policies?

<p>The pressure to attract and retain businesses and residents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the City Limits Theory's perspective on the focus of municipal politics on "developmental" policy?

<p>It's a rational response to the competitive environment cities face. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these arguments is presented as a challenge to the City Limits Theory?

<p>There is a significant amount of city politics that contradict Peterson's predictions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a redistributive policy mentioned in the text?

<p>Offering free public transportation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit for a city resident as a result of economic growth?

<p>More affordable housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a city resident be motivated to support policies that attract businesses and residents?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is the main reason why cities are constantly competing with each other?

<p>To attract and retain businesses and residents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence for cities if they fail to attract and retain residents and businesses?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the City Limits Theory, what is the primary driver of municipal policy?

<p>Competition with other cities for residents and businesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a municipality implementing generous welfare provisions, according to the City Limits Theory?

<p>A downward fiscal spiral as residents move away due to increased property taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the City Limits Theory suggest that municipalities prioritize developmental policies over redistributive policies?

<p>Developmental policies are more effective in attracting high-income residents and businesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do municipalities primarily generate revenue?

<p>Through property taxes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of the City Limits Theory?

<p>Municipalities should strive for social justice and equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the tax rate affected when property values in a municipality decrease by 5% while the property tax rate remains the same?

<p>The tax rate would need to be increased. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core argument of City Limits Theory?

<p>Municipalities should focus on economic development to attract residents and businesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what happens to a municipality's revenue when property values increase by 5% while the property tax rate remains unchanged?

<p>Revenue increases by 5%. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a property tax 'freeze' or 'cut' NOT necessarily mean for homeowners?

<p>Homeowners will pay less in property taxes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to 'Oddity #2', what happens to the property taxes of a house when its value decreases due to the construction of a factory?

<p>Property taxes will be affected in a way that is not proportional to the change in value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of City Limits Theory?

<p>People and businesses have limited mobility across city boundaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, what does the phrase 'Policy makes politics' refer to?

<p>The political landscape within a municipality is primarily defined by the policies the municipality can implement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the construction of a new factory in a neighborhood potentially affect a nearby house's property taxes?

<p>Property taxes could increase because the factory could lower the value of the house. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the "Los Angeles Dope Peddler" argument presented by Peterson?

<p>It highlights the limitations of municipal politics in addressing complex social problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four core areas of municipal policy?

<p>Protecting and servicing local property, providing tailored services to local residents, attracting individuals and businesses, and regulating local land development and use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the city limits theory's main argument about municipal politics?

<p>Municipal politics are less influenced by ideology and more focused on practical concerns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the context in which municipal governments operate?

<p>It helps us to understand the constraints faced by municipal governments and the limitations of municipal politics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key factor influencing municipal intergovernmental relations according to the text?

<p>Governmental ideology and partisan politics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of "bread and butter" issues in municipal policy as discussed in the text?

<p>Essential services that are directly relevant to residents’ daily lives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three "oddities" of the property tax as described in the text?

<p>It is difficult to administer efficiently, it is regressive, and it is sensitive to fluctuations in the housing market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the city limits theory, why would municipal politics be less susceptible to ideological divisions than provincial or federal politics?

<p>Municipal governments are more focused on practical concerns and less on ideological principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Policing in Municipalities

Municipalities operate their own police forces for local law enforcement.

Fire Protection Services

Urban municipalities manage fire departments for community safety.

Water Services

Municipalities initially managed water; many have now sold systems or contracted operators.

Garbage Removal

Municipalities handle waste removal, often contracting private companies.

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Sewage Management

Municipalities are responsible for sewage, typically through dedicated departments.

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Roads and Bridges

Municipalities maintain local roads and highways, including snow removal services.

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Utility Fees

Municipal services like water and sewage are supported by utility fees and service charges.

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Municipal Expenditure

Funding structure that shows how municipalities allocate their budget, with policing typically a top priority.

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Economic Development

Activities that promote business growth and job creation in an area.

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Calgary Housing Company

A non-profit organization managing affordable housing units in Calgary.

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Community Housing

Housing units developed with government funding or subsidies.

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Homelessness

Condition of individuals living without stable housing.

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Land Use Bylaw

Regulations defining how land can be used in a city.

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Municipal Development Plan

A blueprint outlining how a city will grow over time.

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Transportation Plan

A strategy for improving transit and connectivity in a city.

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Planning and Development Services

City department managing urban planning and development processes.

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Property Tax Rate

The percentage at which property is taxed, e.g., 0.005.

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Municipal Revenue Source

Primary funding for municipalities, largely from property taxes.

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Property Value Fluctuation

Change in property value that can affect tax revenue.

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Tax Rate Adjustment

The need to change the property tax rate based on property value changes.

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Property Tax Freeze

A condition where the property tax rate remains the same despite property value changes.

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City Limits Theory

Framework explaining municipal competition for residents and businesses.

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Increased Property Values

When property worth rises, often leading to higher municipal revenue.

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Competitive Municipalism

Cities compete for people and investment to boost local wealth.

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Property Tax Competition

Cities compete for residents and businesses by managing property tax rates to attract them.

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Downward Fiscal Spiral

When high property taxes lead residents to leave, resulting in reduced municipal funds.

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Redistributive Policy Effect

Generous welfare provisions attract low-income residents, increasing property tax rates.

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Developmental Policy

Policies aimed at attracting and retaining residents and businesses in a city.

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Economic Growth in Cities

The common interest of urban residents is to foster economic growth and prestige in their city.

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Municipal Investment

Funding allocated by a city to improve its attractiveness and competitiveness.

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Redistributive Policies

Policies designed to redistribute wealth or resources among residents.

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Political Divides in Cities

Residents may have differing political views, yet share economic interests in the city.

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Pressure from Competition

Cities face competition for residents and businesses, affecting policy focus.

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Attracting Labour

Policymaking that incentivizes movement of workers to a specific city.

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Municipal Policy Areas

Four key areas: property protection, local services, land regulation, development.

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Bread and Butter Issues

Fundamental concerns in municipal policy, such as housing, transportation, and safety.

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Tax Calculation

The method used to assess property tax based on property value and local tax rates.

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Three Oddities of Property Tax

Unique characteristics of property tax systems that challenge common assumptions.

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Sources of Variation in Municipal Relations

Three factors causing differences in how municipalities interact with governments.

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Los Angeles Dope Peddler Argument

A point made by Peterson illustrating the limits of city politics in addressing crime.

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Growers vs Surgers

Terms used by Lucas to describe different population dynamics affecting policy needs.

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Study Notes

Week 3 - Municipal Public Policy

  • Unit test 1 next Monday, 29 MC questions (review and reflection slides assigned)

Basic Framework for Municipal Government (memorize 4 for exam)

  • Protecting and Serving Local Property:
    • Policing: Municipalities operate their own police forces (often contracted to RCMP in rural areas).
    • Fire Protection: Urban municipalities have their own fire departments.
    • Water: Municipalities often manage water systems, though some contract this service to operators.
    • Garbage: Waste removal, recycling, and composting managed by municipalities, often contracted to private companies.
    • Sewage: Typical department of the municipality; often handled by utility companies (like Enmax in some regions).
  • Providing Tailored Services to Local Residents:
    • This includes diverse services tailored to the populace, including those from specialized organizations including community-based projects and programs.
    • Municipal expenditures of 6.5% going towards these services.

Other Municipal Services

  • Roads and Bridges: Municipalities are generally responsible for roads, highways, and snow removal (about 4% of property tax revenue).
  • Public Transit: Larger municipalities often own public transit assets (like the TTC).
  • Parks and Recreation: Municipalities operate parks, recreation facilities, and oversee community recreation activities (e.g., parks commissions).
  • Public Libraries: Often operated by special purpose bodies/boards. 1.5% of property taxes.

Attracting Individuals and Businesses

  • Economic Development: Municipalities implement programs/incentives to attract businesses, which often have provincial or federal support.
  • Business Improvement Areas (BIAs): Local businesses can impose mandatory additional taxes.
  • Tourism: Municipalities often promote tourism and conventions.

Regulating Land Use

  • Land Use: Municipalities are responsible for regulating land use, zoning, and land development.
  • Private Market and Rental Housing: Zoned for residential and commercial, etc.
  • Community or Social Housing: Units developed with government funding or subsidies.

Municipal Finance and the Property Tax

  • Property Tax: Revenue collected for operating budgets. Municipalities need revenue for basic services; they have requirements for revenue to function.
    • They begin by determining the revenue requirements needed.
    • They divide the revenue requirement by the assessed tax base.
    • Calculated as the result of the property tax rate.
    • Property taxes vary by province/region.

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