Week 11 - Genetic Technology & Therapy

False (B)

Cloning

<p>callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells forgetting what type of cell they are (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Callus = A mass of undifferentiated cells De-differentiation = The process of forgetting what type of cell one is Re-differentiation = The process of specializing into a specific type of cell Cloning = The process of creating an identical copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mating two organisms with desirable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hans Spemann (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main difference is the source of the genetic material. Earlier methods like embryo splitting used genetic material from the same fertilized egg, while newer methods like nuclear transfer use genetic material from a different cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intestinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hans Spemann = Embryo splitting Robert Briggs and Thomas King = Nuclear transfer John Gurdon = Nuclear transfer using differentiated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic diversity among offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear transfer involves taking the nucleus from a donor cell and transferring it into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed. The resulting egg cell is then stimulated to develop into an embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>artificial twinning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arthritis, lung tumor, and early ageing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer = Cloning using adult DNA Recombinant DNA Technology = Transfer of genes between species Nuclear Fusion = Merging of two nuclei Gene therapy = Replacing or inactivating defective genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and isolate specific DNA sequences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA template, primers, dNTPs, and Taq polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To separate the two strands of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation = 95°C Annealing = 50-65°C Extension = 72°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme that reads the DNA template and adds complementary dNTPs to create a new DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taq polymerase can withstand high temperatures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annealing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In each cycle of PCR, the amount of DNA doubles. This repeated doubling results in a rapid increase in the number of copies of the target DNA sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors such as primer design, concentration of reagents, and the presence of inhibitors can influence the efficiency of PCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate species with novel appeal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To correct malfunctioning genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>surrogates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cloning pets = Creating identical copies of existing animals Cloning humans = Involves ethical, legal, and social concerns Therapeutic cloning = Using cloned cells for medical treatment Gene expression = Process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional product</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the introduction of new genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for the identification of successfully transformed organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>annealing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation = Separating the DNA strands Annealing = Binding of primers to the target DNA Extension = Synthesis of new DNA strands Final elongation = Complete synthesis of newly formed strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

An identical copy of a DNA segment, cell, or organism from a single ancestor.

The process of producing identical copies of molecules, cells, or organisms.

Cloning using individual carrot cells to grow new carrots.

A mass of undifferentiated cells that can develop into a whole plant.

Cloning plants from various tissues through de-differentiation and re-differentiation.

The process where specialized cells revert to an undifferentiated state.

The process where de-differentiated cells specialize again into specific types.

Mating two organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those traits.

A method used to create a cloned organism by transferring the nucleus from a donor cell into an egg cell.

First mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using nuclear transfer in 1997.

A technique for cloning where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed.

The process of combining two cells to form a single cell during nuclear transfer.

Refers to the limited number of successful clones produced compared to attempts in nuclear transfer.

The gradual loss of telomere length that can occur during cell division, associated with aging.

A method for combining DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations.

A process that does not clone organisms but produces identical copies of DNA sequences.

A treatment that involves altering the genes inside cells to treat or prevent disease.

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in DNA cloning and analysis.

A cloning method where an embryo is divided to create multiple clones.

Methods used to create genetically identical organisms.

An artificial method to create multiple embryos from one.

Cloning methods that have been developed over time.

The first success in nuclear transfer was performed in 1952 on frogs.

The process of an embryo growing and dividing into more cells.

Animals that are genetically identical to the original organism.

A process of fertilizing an egg outside the body, in a lab.

Difficulties faced in cloning animals, especially mammals.

The process of creating an identical copy of a pet using advanced genetics.

Moral concerns arising from cloning practices, including animal welfare and consent.

Using cloning techniques for medical therapies, like correcting genetic disorders.

A technique in genetic therapy that skips over faulty gene segments to prevent disease.

Creating new species with unique traits through genetic engineering and cloning.

The process of introducing new DNA into bacteria to change their traits.

Genes that help identify which bacteria have successfully taken up new DNA.

A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences making millions of copies.

Essential components like DNA polymerase and primers that facilitate the PCR process.

A method used to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric field.

A technique to amplify specific DNA sequences for study.

Requirements include DNA, buffers, dNTPs, primers, and Taq polymerase.

Short DNA fragments that bind to the target DNA to start copying.

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands in PCR.

The first step of PCR at 95°C that separates double-stranded DNA into single strands.

The step where primers bind to single-stranded DNA at 50-65°C.

The step where Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to form a new DNA strand at 72°C.

Repeating the denaturation, annealing, and extension steps to amplify DNA exponentially.

The rapid increase in DNA copies through multiple cycles of PCR.

DNA that gets amplified unintentionally during PCR due to Taq polymerase's lack of specificity.

Substances that maintain optimal conditions for PCR reactions.

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates - the building blocks of new DNA strands in PCR.

The specific DNA sequence you aim to amplify in PCR.

The ability of Taq polymerase to function at high temperatures without denaturing.