Week 11 - Fractures & Trauma Assessment

<p>Fat embolism syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluating potential neurovascular compromise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displaced fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using pelvic binders or sheets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring vital signs and neurovascular status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mortality due to falls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat embolism syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished peripheral pulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term alignment and reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coolness and loss of color in the extremity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limb no longer viable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid resuscitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To predict and prepare for certain injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sports-related injuries with direct impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical realignment of bone fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of long bone fractures and paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehensive patient history and vital signs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply ice to reduce swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver biopsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injury frequency being higher in winter months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment of posterior surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring for signs of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application of a pelvic binder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer tetanus/antibiotic prophylaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ossification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative analysis of limb color and cap refill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply cold compresses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1000-1500 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compartment syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in the level of consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring a patent airway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachypnea (A), Decreased LOC (C), Petechial rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute renal failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform neurovascular assessment of the foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>paresthesia, pain, pressure, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throbbing pain out of proportion to initial injury (A), Decreased or absent pulse (B), Tense skin over area of injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased compartment size (resulting from restrictive dressing, splints, casts, etc.) (A), Increased compartment volume (related to bleeding, edema, etc.) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External rotation (B), Muscle Spasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent/reduce muscle spasm (A), Immobilize joint or part of body (B), Reduce a fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate circulation to the fracture site (A), Adequate fragment immobilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crush injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remodeling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Femoral neck fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bear weight on the cast for the first 48 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A break in the continuity of a bone's structure, often caused by stresses exceeding its capacity.

A fracture where the skin is broken, exposing the bone and soft tissues, increasing the risk of infection.

A fracture where the skin remains intact.

A fracture that completely breaks the bone.

A fracture that only partially breaks the bone, like a crack.

A fracture where the two ends of the broken bone are separated from each other.

A fracture where the broken bone ends remain aligned.

The process by which the body repairs a broken bone, including phases like hematoma formation from blood clot.

Nonsurgical realignment of broken bones to their original position.

Applying a pulling force to a broken bone or injured body part to realign it.

Short-term traction using tape, boots, or splints applied to the skin to hold a bone in place.

Long-term traction that uses pins or wires inserted into a bone to maintain alignment.

Instructions on how to properly care for a cast, such as applying ice initially and elevating the injured limb.

Instructions on what NOT to do with a cast, like getting it wet or inserting objects inside.

Increased pressure in a muscle compartment, limiting blood flow, potentially causing tissue damage.

Six signs of impending compartment syndrome (Paresthesia, Pain, Pressure, Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness).

Muscle breakdown that releases harmful substances into the bloodstream, potentially causing kidney damage.

Blood clot in a vein, potentially leading to serious health problems if it travels to the lungs.

Pelvic fractures are categorized as either 'stable' or 'unstable.' An unstable fracture involves a disruption of the pelvic ring, increasing the risk of complications.

Common signs of a pelvic fracture include bruising around the flanks, groin, or perineum, which might indicate internal bleeding, and a noticeable leg length discrepancy.

Hip fractures, especially in older adults, are most commonly caused by falls. Low bone density, or osteoporosis, contributes to the increased risk of fracture.

Hip fractures are categorized based on their location on the femur. The femoral neck is a common site, particularly in older adults.

Management of a hip fracture typically involves initial immobilization followed by surgery. Pain management, often with analgesics and muscle relaxants, is crucial.

How energy from the environment transfers to the body, impacting injury prediction.

High-speed crashes, ejections, intrusions, or occupant deaths signify severe injuries.

Falls from high places (e.g., >3 meters) on hard surfaces signal a higher risk of severe injury.

Rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Expose).

A detailed assessment after the primary survey to identify and address all injuries, involving history and head-to-toe examination.

Complete blood count. Measures blood components.

Electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen. Evaluates kidney function and fluid balance.

X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to visualize injuries.

Measurement of key vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, etc.)

Increased prevalence and severity of injuries, particularly in young people.

The process where phagocytosis absorbs dead tissue, converting a hematoma into granulation tissue, which supports the growth of new bone.

The formation of an unorganized network of bone (callus) around the fracture site, typically occurring within the first few weeks of a fracture.

The process where the temporary callus undergoes a change, becoming stronger, and more organized bone, commonly occurring between 3 weeks and 6 months after the fracture.

The process of closing the gap between bone fragments during bone healing, from callus development, and can take up to a year.

The process where the body removes excess bone, restoring the bone's original strength and shape, often incorporating weight-bearing activities.

A thorough check of the injured area's blood flow and nerve function, performed frequently, especially in the first hours after an injury or procedure.

Keeping the fractured bones stable to prevent further damage and allow proper healing.

Surgical procedure to realign fractured bones, often used for severe bone injuries or fractures.

Proper blood flow to the fracture site is essential for effective bone healing, in order to bring nutrients to the bone.

Various factors impact fracture healing including displacement/location of the fracture, blood supply, immobilization, infection, nutrition, age & smoking habit.

A pelvic fracture can result in a significant blood loss of up to 500 ml.

A femur fracture can lead to substantial blood loss, ranging from 1000 to 1500 ml.

Intense pain at the fracture site, even after pain medication, could indicate compartment syndrome.

Never insert a urinary catheter if blood is present at the urinary meatus, as it could indicate a urethral injury.

Up to 10% of hip fractures may go undetected on plain X-rays, requiring further imaging.

Ensuring a patent airway is the highest priority during the primary survey of a trauma patient.

Monitor for signs of a fat embolism post-fracture, including tachypnea, decreased LOC, and petechial rash.

A crushed thigh can lead to acute renal failure, thus prioritize assessing kidney function.

If increasing leg pain is not relieved by loosening the bandage, perform a neurovascular assessment immediately.