Week 10 - Death and Dying
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes active euthanasia according to the content?

  • Assisting the patient in refusing further treatment
  • Withdrawal of treatment to allow natural death
  • Disconnecting life support without additional measures
  • Injecting a lethal substance into the patient (correct)

    • According to Daniel Callahan, why is the distinction between active and passive euthanasia important?

  • Passive euthanasia is morally preferable to all methods
  • Both approaches lead to the same outcome regardless of methodology
  • Active euthanasia aligns with the goal of saving lives (correct)
  • Quality of life dictates the choice of treatment required

    • What concept refers to a treatment that may be considered unnecessary to prolong life?

  • Passive treatment
  • Distributive justice
  • Futile treatment (correct)
  • Efficient treatment

    • How does the concept of quality of life factor into medical decisions as discussed?

    <p>The decision of quality of life must be made collectively among stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in the context of distributive justice regarding medical resources?

    <p>Prioritizing the allocation of resources based on necessity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the removal of death from the public domain?

    <p>Improved technology in hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of advancements in medical technology regarding death?

    <p>Decreased reliance on natural dying processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information, which type of disease has become more prevalent in modern times?

    <p>Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Brian Turner suggest about our relationship with death?

    <p>The desire for immortality impairs our ability to face death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement in the 1960s challenged the definition of death?

    <p>Heart-lung machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is legal death defined in the contemporary context?

    <p>Profound announcement of death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moral implications arise from the capability of technology to prolong life?

    <p>Difficulties in determining futility in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the moment of death become less significant in modern society?

    <p>People die mainly in hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD)?

    <p>To offer legal medically assisted death under specific conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bill first introduced Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada?

    <p>Bill C-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the basic eligibility criteria for MAiD?

    <p>Must have a grievous and irremediable medical condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safeguard is included under Track 2 for those whose natural death is not foreseeable?

    <p>Mandatory 90-day reflection period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2022, what percentage of all deaths in Canada were attributed to MAiD?

    <p>4.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stance does the Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) take on mental illnesses in relation to MAiD?

    <p>They argue mental illnesses should be treated with resources instead of MAiD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary reason cited for choosing MAiD?

    <p>Severe mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the safeguards under Track 1?

    <p>Documentation and assessments by independent professionals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major legal change resulted from Gloria Taylor's broader request for physician assistance in dying?

    <p>Euthanasia and assisted suicide were included under MAID.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has expressed concerns about the potential impacts of MAID on vulnerable populations?

    <p>Religious groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 2019 Quebec Superior Court ruling pertain to concerning MAID?

    <p>It struck down the 'reasonably foreseeable death' requirement as unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the case of British Columbia highlight issues with MAID?

    <p>It revealed discrepancies in interpreting eligibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one argument made by proponents of increased investment in palliative care?

    <p>Increased palliative care may alleviate the need for euthanasia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women disproportionately request euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide?

    <p>They feel they are a burden to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social factors are influencing women's decisions regarding requests for euthanasia?

    <p>Isolation, poverty, and dependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dr.Kevorkian's initial data on assisted cases reflect gender disparities?

    <p>Most initial cases were women, many not terminally ill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Callahan's view on the relationship between autonomy and euthanasia?

    <p>Autonomy should be limited as it does not justify euthanasia involving others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does Callahan emphasize as a potential risk of extending autonomy too far?

    <p>The inalienable nature of the right to life may be undermined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Callahan question regarding the justification of euthanasia based on suffering?

    <p>Why suffering can justify euthanasia without consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the eligibility criteria for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada?

    <p>A serious and incurable disease or disability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant amendment did the Criminal Code undergo concerning euthanasia in Canada?

    <p>Exemptions only apply to physicians and nurse practitioners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical case is highlighted in the historical context of euthanasia in Canada?

    <p>Sue Rodriguez: Denied request for assisted suicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two options does the MAID legislation provide for ending life?

    <p>Practitioner-administered death or self-administered with practitioner assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Callahan view the potential abuses of focusing on suffering in euthanasia decisions?

    <p>It may lead to societal judgments about worthiness of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern of the slippery slope argument in the context of euthanasia?

    <p>It may lead to legalizing involuntary euthanasia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical concern is raised against slippery slope arguments regarding euthanasia?

    <p>They assume an inevitable progression without proven evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern does Callahan express about autonomy and relief from suffering in euthanasia discussions?

    <p>They can become uncoupled, leading to potential abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What real-world example illustrates the potential de-linking of competence and suffering criteria in euthanasia?

    <p>Belgium's law allowing euthanasia for suffering children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fear is associated with the potential for coercion in relation to legalized euthanasia?

    <p>patients might feel a burden to justify their existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective does Warnock promote regarding patient autonomy in requests for euthanasia?

    <p>Assuming patients lack autonomy is seen as insulting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prevalent concern regarding vulnerable populations in the context of legalized euthanasia?

    <p>They may feel coerced into seeking euthanasia to not burden others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do critics of euthanasia's slippery slope argument view autonomy and suffering?

    <p>They can conflict, causing potential harm to individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Week 10 - Death and Dying

    • Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) is a legal process in Canada allowing eligible individuals to seek medically assisted death.
    • Bill C-14 (2016) introduced MAiD, specifying eligibility and safeguards.
    • Bill C-7 (2021) expanded eligibility and revised safeguards, especially for cases where natural death is not foreseeable.

    Eligibility Criteria

    • Must be eligible for health care funding in Canada.
    • Must be 18 years or older and capable of making informed decisions.
    • Must have a grievous and irremediable medical condition.
    • Must make a voluntary request and provide informed consent.
    • Condition must involve a serious, incurable illness causing intolerable suffering that cannot be relieved.

    Safeguards in Bill C-7

    • Track 1 (Natural Death Foreseeable): Documentation, multiple assessments, confirmation of understanding and consent.
    • Track 2 (Natural Death Not Foreseeable): Includes all Track 1 safeguards plus additional measures, like expert consultation and a mandatory 90-day reflection period.

    MAID & Mental Health

    • The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) argues that mental illnesses, while potentially unbearable, are not considered "irremediable."
    • The CMHA emphasizes resources to live, rather than resorting to MAID.

    Comparison: MAiD vs. Suicide

    • Ethical considerations differ based on various frameworks (e.g., libertarian, deontological, utilitarian, virtue ethics).

    Support and Resources

    • Campus counseling and crisis support options are available, emphasizing support for students and the public.
    • Additional support services are available for those dealing with concerns regarding death and dying.

    Defining Death

    • Society's approach to death has shifted from rituals and traditions to medical interventions.
    • The definition of death has shifted due to advances in medical technology.
    • Current medical criteria for death include heart and lung function, or whole brain death.

    Brain-Dead Persons

    • The status of a brain-dead person is a point of ongoing debate.
    • Whether a brain dead person is considered alive or dead for legal and ethical purposes is an area of difference of opinion and disagreement.

    Medical Decisions for Brain Dead Persons

    • There is a tension between treating brain-dead individuals as living beings (with respect for life) and utilizing them as resources.

    Futile Treatment

    • Treatment is deemed futile if it offers no significant benefit.
    • There is disagreement over who decides when treatment is futile and under what circumstances.
    • Distributive justice is relevant when considering resources used for futile treatment and those who need it.

    Feeding Tubes

    • Some view feeding tubes as prolonging life with minimal benefits, while others consider withholding them as a form of euthanasia.

    Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on Death

    • Discussion of death from historical and philosophical perspectives.
    • Philosophers like Plato, Plato, Kant, Hume, and others contributed to the understanding of life and death.
    • Different religions have unique views on immortality.

    Conclusion

    • Technological advancements and shifting societal norms have influenced our view of death.
    • The application and use of MAiD must be thoroughly considered to balance patients' rights and societal well-being.

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    HLTH 380 Week 10 (Death and Dying) - PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the legal process of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada, focusing on Bill C-14 and Bill C-7. Explore the eligibility criteria for individuals seeking medically assisted death and the safeguards introduced to ensure informed consent and understanding. Test your knowledge on these critical topics surrounding end-of-life care.

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