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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary advantages of static routing?
What is one of the primary advantages of static routing?
What is a significant disadvantage of static routing in network administration?
What is a significant disadvantage of static routing in network administration?
Which dynamic routing disadvantage is related to resource usage?
Which dynamic routing disadvantage is related to resource usage?
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by which of the following characteristics?
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by which of the following characteristics?
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Which of the following statements regarding static routing is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding static routing is correct?
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What is the first method a router uses to learn a static route?
What is the first method a router uses to learn a static route?
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What is a special type of static route often referred to as the gateway of last resort?
What is a special type of static route often referred to as the gateway of last resort?
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How do dynamic routing protocols primarily learn routes?
How do dynamic routing protocols primarily learn routes?
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What primary function do routing protocols serve?
What primary function do routing protocols serve?
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In many networks, how are dynamic routing protocols typically utilized?
In many networks, how are dynamic routing protocols typically utilized?
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Which statement accurately describes a router?
Which statement accurately describes a router?
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What is one advantage of dynamic routing protocols over static routing?
What is one advantage of dynamic routing protocols over static routing?
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Which process is involved when a router adds learned information to its routing table?
Which process is involved when a router adds learned information to its routing table?
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What does convergence in routing protocols refer to?
What does convergence in routing protocols refer to?
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Which metric is primarily used by RIP to determine the best path?
Which metric is primarily used by RIP to determine the best path?
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Which of the following metrics do IGRP and EIGRP consider to select the best path?
Which of the following metrics do IGRP and EIGRP consider to select the best path?
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How does OSPF choose the best path for routing?
How does OSPF choose the best path for routing?
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What does Administrative Distance (AD) measure?
What does Administrative Distance (AD) measure?
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Which protocol uses cost based on the lowest metric in its routing decisions?
Which protocol uses cost based on the lowest metric in its routing decisions?
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What is a characteristic of Classless Routing Protocols?
What is a characteristic of Classless Routing Protocols?
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Which metric is NOT commonly used in IP routing protocols?
Which metric is NOT commonly used in IP routing protocols?
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Which of the following is an example of a link-state interior routing protocol?
Which of the following is an example of a link-state interior routing protocol?
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What type of routing protocol is BGP classified as?
What type of routing protocol is BGP classified as?
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What is the main advantage of an autonomous system in routing?
What is the main advantage of an autonomous system in routing?
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In which situation do distance vector routing protocols work best?
In which situation do distance vector routing protocols work best?
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Which routing protocol was developed by Cisco but is now deprecated?
Which routing protocol was developed by Cisco but is now deprecated?
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What type of networks are link-state routing protocols best suited for?
What type of networks are link-state routing protocols best suited for?
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Which characteristic does NOT apply to distance vector routing protocols?
Which characteristic does NOT apply to distance vector routing protocols?
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What distinguishes exterior gateway protocols (EGP) from interior gateway protocols (IGP)?
What distinguishes exterior gateway protocols (EGP) from interior gateway protocols (IGP)?
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What is one of the main benefits of using a dynamic routing protocol?
What is one of the main benefits of using a dynamic routing protocol?
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Which statement is true regarding the resource usage of dynamic routing protocols?
Which statement is true regarding the resource usage of dynamic routing protocols?
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What operational step do routers take when they detect a topology change in a dynamic routing protocol?
What operational step do routers take when they detect a topology change in a dynamic routing protocol?
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In what scenario would static routing be more appropriate than dynamic routing?
In what scenario would static routing be more appropriate than dynamic routing?
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of dynamic routing protocols?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of dynamic routing protocols?
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What is a significant overhead associated with dynamic routing protocols?
What is a significant overhead associated with dynamic routing protocols?
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Which component is NOT part of a routing protocol?
Which component is NOT part of a routing protocol?
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Why might a network use both static and dynamic routing?
Why might a network use both static and dynamic routing?
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What does a lower administrative distance indicate about a route source?
What does a lower administrative distance indicate about a route source?
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What administrative distance value signifies that a route will not be installed in the routing table?
What administrative distance value signifies that a route will not be installed in the routing table?
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Which routing source is assigned an administrative distance of 0?
Which routing source is assigned an administrative distance of 0?
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If a router receives routing information from multiple sources with varying administrative distances, what will it choose?
If a router receives routing information from multiple sources with varying administrative distances, what will it choose?
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What is the maximum value of administrative distance in Cisco routers?
What is the maximum value of administrative distance in Cisco routers?
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What happens when a router has an administrative distance of 1 for a particular route?
What happens when a router has an administrative distance of 1 for a particular route?
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Which of the following statements about administrative distance is false?
Which of the following statements about administrative distance is false?
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What does an administrative distance of 255 indicate about the route source?
What does an administrative distance of 255 indicate about the route source?
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Study Notes
Week 10-11 Routing Protocols
- Routing protocols facilitate routing information exchange between routers.
- Routing protocols dynamically learn information about remote networks and add it to routing tables.
- Routers use routing protocols to determine the best path to each network.
- Dynamic routing protocols adjust automatically to network topology changes.
- Static routes are manually configured and do not change unless reconfigured.
- Static routing is simpler to maintain for small networks with stable topologies.
Learning Outcomes
- Routers are computers with operating systems and hardware.
- Routers can configure and apply network addresses.
- Routers forward packets to their destinations.
- Routers use administrative distance to select a preferred route source.
- Network switch 2960 is mentioned.
Routing Introduction (Static Routes)
- Routers can learn static routes through active interfaces or manual configuration.
- The 'gateway of last resort' is a special static route.
- Static routes provide consistent routing.
- Static routes are typically used in smaller networks with simpler topologies.
Routing Introduction (Dynamic Routes)
- Dynamic routes are learned by running a routing protocol.
- Routing protocols learn routes from neighboring routers.
- Dynamic routing is more flexible for larger networks.
Routed and Routing Protocols
- Protocols like RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, BGP, and IS-IS are examples of routing protocols used in networking.
- Routed protocols (like IP, IPX, and AppleTalk) are managed by routing protocols.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Dynamic routing protocols play a crucial role in modern networks.
- These protocols offer several advantages.
- Dynamic routing protocols are commonly used with static routes.
The Evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols
- The presentation details different kinds of routing protocols and their time of introduction.
Role of Dynamic Routing Protocol
- Routing protocols facilitate the exchange of routing information through routers.
- Protocols automatically learn and add information about remote networks to routing tables.
- Routers determine optimal paths for network traffic based on several criteria.
Network Discovery and Routing Table Maintenance
- Dynamic routing protocols discover remote networks and maintain up-to-date information, choosing the best current or alternate network path.
- Protocols update routing tables automatically with new information.
Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation
- Routers continuously exchange routing messages and information.
- Routing protocols learn about remote networks from other participating routers.
- Routers adapt to topology changes, using protocols to ensure updated routing tables.
Dynamic Routing Protocol Advantages
- Static routing is simpler for smaller networks with stable configurations.
- Dynamic routing is preferable for complex networks due to its adaptability to changes.
Static Routing Usage, Advantages, and Disadvantages
- Static routing is an effective method for smaller networks with consistent topologies.
- Static routing simplifies administration and routing table management.
- Static routes require manual configuration and maintenance.
Static Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
- Static routes are easier to understand and manage in smaller networks.
- Maintaining static routes is simpler than dynamic routes.
- Static routing becomes more challenging as networks grow.
Dynamic Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
- Dynamic routing automatically adjusts to network changes.
- Dynamic routing is preferable for networks that frequently change.
- Dynamic routing requires more administration effort.
Classifying Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Routing protocols can be classified using different criteria.
- IGP and EGP protocols differentiate based on internal and external network scope.
- Protocols are classified based on distance vector or link-state characteristics.
- Protocols are categorized based on their addressing scheme (classful or classless).
Classifying Dynamic Routing Protocols
- RIP, IGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, and BGP are prominent examples of networking protocols.
- These protocols vary in design and functionalities.
Autonomous Systems
- Autonomous systems (AS) are groups of routers under a single administrative body.
- Autonomous systems are used to provide boundaries for specific routing protocols, such as interior gateway protocols (IGPs) and exterior gateway protocols (EGPs).
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used for communication between autonomous systems.
IGP Versus EGP Routing Protocols
- Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) manage routing within an autonomous system.
- Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) manage routing between autonomous systems.
- BGP is an example of a commonly used EGP.
Distance Vector and Link-State Routing Protocols
- Distance vector routing protocols use vectors to advertise route paths.
- Distance vector routing is best suited for simple, flat networks.
- Link-state routing creates a topology map to determine the best path.
- Link-state protocols are preferable for large, hierarchical networks.
Classful and Classless Routing Protocols
- Classful routing has uniform subnet masks throughout the network.
- Classless routing implements variable subnet masks, promoting network flexibility.
Dynamic Routing Protocols and Convergence
- Convergence occurs when all routers have identical routing paths to all destinations.
- Routing protocols rapidly adapt to network changes promoting reliable communication.
Metrics
- Metrics (parameters in routing protocols) are used for path selection and network traffic management.
- Metrics like hop count, bandwidth, load, delay, reliability, and cost are factors in choosing effective routes.
Metrics and Routing Protocols
- Metrics are crucial parameters used by routing protocols in choosing optimal paths.
- Different protocols utilize distinct metrics.
Metrics and Routing Protocols
- Factors like hop count, bandwidth, load, delay, reliability and cost need to be taken into consideration when choosing a routing protocol.
- Routing protocols use these metrics when selecting the best possible routes.
Metric Field in the Routing Table
- Routing tables store the best path to network destinations.
- Metrics in routing tables indicate route quality.
Metric Field in the Routing Table
- Tables describe routing protocols, their metrics, and the best path criteria.
Metrics and Routing Protocols: Load Balancing across Equal-Cost paths
- Load balancing distributes network traffic among equal-cost paths.
Administrative Distance
- Administrative distance assigns priorities to different routing sources.
- High administrative distance values indicate lower preference, favoring lower distance values, especially directly connected routes.
Administrative Distance
- Administrative distance prioritizes best paths learned from different routing protocol sources.
- Directly connected networks have the highest preference.
Comparing Administrative Distances
- Administrative distances dictate preference for routing paths.
- Lower administrative distances indicate preference.
- The best routing path is chosen based on the administrative distances.
Comparing Administrative Distances
- Different metrics lead to different paths which need to be carefully weighed.
Comparing Administrative Distances
- Admin distance values determine which source is favoured and guides towards selecting the preferred routing information among multiple sources.
Default Administrative Distances
- Different routing protocols have varying administrative distance values.
Static Routes and Administrative Distance
- Static routes are manually configured and are preferred in smaller networks.
Directly Connected Networks and Administrative Distance
- Directly connected networks form the most preferred route in a network.
Dynamic Routing Protocols and Administrative Distance
- Various routing protocols share different values for administrative distances and affect convergence.
End of Presentation
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Description
This quiz will assess your understanding of routing protocols, including static and dynamic routes. You will explore how routers interact with each other to determine optimal paths and manage routing tables. Gain insights into configurations, administrative distances, and the roles of routers and switches.
