Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of packet-forwarding technique involves looking up every destination in the routing table?
Which type of packet-forwarding technique involves looking up every destination in the routing table?
Which packet-forwarding technique uses a cache to store the most recently used destinations?
Which packet-forwarding technique uses a cache to store the most recently used destinations?
Which packet-forwarding technique makes multiple cache tables to improve performance?
Which packet-forwarding technique makes multiple cache tables to improve performance?
Which type of routing requires the administrator to manually configure routes for each destination network?
Which type of routing requires the administrator to manually configure routes for each destination network?
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Which type of routing is typically used in small networks?
Which type of routing is typically used in small networks?
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What is the administrator distance for a static route?
What is the administrator distance for a static route?
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What are the minimum factors a router must know to effectively route packets?
What are the minimum factors a router must know to effectively route packets?
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How do routers learn about remote networks?
How do routers learn about remote networks?
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What does a routing table describe?
What does a routing table describe?
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In a directly connected network, how does the router know how to reach it?
In a directly connected network, how does the router know how to reach it?
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Which protocols are examples of routing protocols used by routers?
Which protocols are examples of routing protocols used by routers?
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What does a router use to determine the best route to each remote network?
What does a router use to determine the best route to each remote network?
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Study Notes
Packet-Forwarding Techniques
- Destination-based forwarding: This technique involves looking up every destination in the routing table to determine the next hop.
- Cache-based forwarding: This technique uses a cache to store the most recently used destinations, thereby improving performance by reducing the need to consult the routing table frequently.
- Multiple-cache forwarding: This technique utilizes multiple cache tables to further enhance performance, often by categorizing destinations based on attributes like network size or usage frequency.
Routing Types
- Static routing: Requires manual configuration by the administrator for each destination network. This is often used in smaller networks where network changes are less frequent.
- Dynamic routing: Automatically learns and updates routes, typically used in larger networks where frequent network changes are common.
Static Route Characteristics
- Administrative distance: Represents the reliability of a route, with lower values indicating higher trust. For static routes, the administrative distance is typically set to 1.
Router Functionality
- Destination address and network mask: Essential information for a router to identify the destination network of incoming packets.
- Next hop: Identifies the router interface to be used for forwarding the packet to the next hop, towards the destination.
Router Network Discovery
- Routing protocols: Routers use protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP to communicate with other routers and learn about remote networks.
Routing Table
- Description: A data structure maintained by a router that holds information about the network topology, including known networks, next hops, and associated metrics.
Directly Connected Networks
- Automatic discovery: In a directly connected network, the router can directly communicate with devices on that network. This allows the router to determine how to reach devices on the connected network without requiring additional information.
Routing Protocol Examples
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Used for routing within smaller networks.
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A link-state routing protocol used in larger networks for more efficient route calculations.
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): Used for inter-domain routing and communication between different networks.
Route Selection
- Metrics: Routers use metrics like hop count, bandwidth, and delay to assess the quality of different routes to a destination network. The route with the best combination of metrics is chosen as the optimal route.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basics of IP routing, including the process of moving packets between networks using routers, routing protocols like RIP and OSPF, and the essential factors a router must know to route packets effectively.
