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Questions and Answers
What are the functions of the skeleton system? (Select all that apply)
What are the functions of the skeleton system? (Select all that apply)
- Respiration
- Storage (correct)
- Calcium regulation (correct)
- Movement (correct)
- Support (correct)
What is a long bone?
What is a long bone?
A bone classification in the body, for example, humerus.
What are short bones?
What are short bones?
A bone classification in the body, for example, carpal bones.
What is a flat bone?
What is a flat bone?
What is an irregular bone?
What is an irregular bone?
What are sutural bones?
What are sutural bones?
What is a sesamoid bone?
What is a sesamoid bone?
What is compact bone?
What is compact bone?
What is an osteon?
What is an osteon?
What is the Haversian system?
What is the Haversian system?
What is spongy bone?
What is spongy bone?
What is the diaphysis?
What is the diaphysis?
What is the epiphysis?
What is the epiphysis?
What is metaphysis?
What is metaphysis?
What is articular cartilage?
What is articular cartilage?
What is periosteum?
What is periosteum?
What is the fibrous layer?
What is the fibrous layer?
What are Sharpey's fibers?
What are Sharpey's fibers?
What is the cellular layer?
What is the cellular layer?
What is the endosteum?
What is the endosteum?
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
What is the marrow cavity?
What is the marrow cavity?
What is yellow marrow?
What is yellow marrow?
What is red marrow?
What is red marrow?
What are lamellae?
What are lamellae?
What are osteoblasts?
What are osteoblasts?
What are osteoclasts?
What are osteoclasts?
What are canaliculi?
What are canaliculi?
What is ossification?
What is ossification?
What is intramembranous ossification?
What is intramembranous ossification?
What is endochondrial ossification?
What is endochondrial ossification?
What is the nutrient artery?
What is the nutrient artery?
What is the periosteal artery?
What is the periosteal artery?
What is the metaphyseal artery?
What is the metaphyseal artery?
What does calcitonin do?
What does calcitonin do?
What is PTH?
What is PTH?
What is an open fracture?
What is an open fracture?
What is a closed fracture?
What is a closed fracture?
What is a greenstick fracture?
What is a greenstick fracture?
What is a spiral fracture?
What is a spiral fracture?
What is a Pott's fracture?
What is a Pott's fracture?
What is a Colles fracture?
What is a Colles fracture?
What is an epiphyseal fracture?
What is an epiphyseal fracture?
What is a compression fracture?
What is a compression fracture?
What is the repair process of bone?
What is the repair process of bone?
What is a hematoma?
What is a hematoma?
What is an external callus?
What is an external callus?
What is an internal callus?
What is an internal callus?
What is osteoporosis?
What is osteoporosis?
What are RANKL inhibitors?
What are RANKL inhibitors?
What are bisphosphonates?
What are bisphosphonates?
What does hormone replacement therapy do?
What does hormone replacement therapy do?
What is Evista?
What is Evista?
Study Notes
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Provides support for the body and its organs
- Acts as a storage site for minerals, particularly calcium
- Responsible for the production of blood cells in the bone marrow
- Regulates calcium levels in the bloodstream
- Offers protection for vital organs
- Facilitates leverage and movement
Bone Classifications
- Long Bones: Characterized by length exceeding width; an example is the humerus
- Short Bones: Roughly cube-shaped, exemplified by carpal bones
- Flat Bones: Thin, plate-like structures, such as the parietal bone
- Irregular Bones: Complex shapes like the vertebrae
- Sutural Bones: Small bones found within sutures of the skull
- Sesamoid Bones: Embedded within tendons, with the patella as a key example
Bone Structure and Composition
- Compact Bone: Dense and strong tissue forming the outer layer of bones
- Osteon: The fundamental structural unit of compact bone
- Haversian System: Comprises the central canal and surrounding blood vessels
- Spongy Bone: Contains an open network of trabeculae and lacks osteons
Bone Anatomy
- Diaphysis: The elongated shaft of a long bone
- Epiphysis: The proximal and distal ends of long bones, primarily consisting of spongy bone
- Metaphysis: Contains the growth plate, transforming into a line after puberty
- Articular Cartilage: Smooth, slippery surface covering the ends of bones
- Periosteum: Protective fibrous lining of bones aiding in attachment of tendons and ligaments
- Fibrous Layer: The outer layer of periosteum promoting firm connections
- Cellular Layer: Inner periosteum layer responsible for growth and repair
- Endosteum: A thin membrane lining the marrow cavity and central canals, containing osteoprogenitor cells
Bone Cells and Production
- Osteoprogenitor Cells: Stem cells that aid in bone growth, located in the endosteum
- Osteoblasts: Cells that build up bone matrix
- Osteoclasts: Cells involved in bone resorption and dissolution
- Canaliculi: Tiny channels connecting bone cells for nutrient exchange
Bone Growth and Ossification
- Ossification: The process of converting various tissues into bone
- Intramembranous Ossification: Conversion of embryonic tissue directly into bone
- Endochondrial Ossification: Development of bone from a pre-existing cartilage model
Blood Supply and Nutrient Flow
- Nutrient Artery: Supplies blood to the diaphysis
- Periosteal Artery: Provides blood to outer osteons
- Metaphyseal Artery: Nourishes the epiphyseal plate during growth
Calcium Regulation
- Calcitonin: Hormone lowering blood calcium levels
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Hormone that raises blood calcium levels
Types of Bone Fractures
- Open Fracture: Exposed fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin
- Closed Fracture: Fracture without skin penetration
- Greenstick Fracture: Incomplete fracture often seen in children
- Spiral Fracture: A twisting type of fracture, often due to injury
- Pott's Fracture: A fracture caused by an avulsion injury at the ankle
- Colles Fracture: A fracture of the distal radius in the wrist
- Epiphyseal Fracture: Fracture involving the growth plate
- Compression Fracture: Results from bone collapse
Bone Repair Process
- Requires sufficient blood flow and cell viability in periosteum and endosteum
- Hematoma Formation: Collection of blood to control bleeding post-injury
- External Callus: Stabilizes the outer layers using periosteum cells
- Internal Callus: Stabilizes inner surfaces through endosteum cells
Bone Density and Health
- Osteoporosis: Condition characterized by reduced bone density, particularly in petite Caucasian women
- RANKL Inhibitors: Medications that decrease osteoclast activity in osteoporosis
- Bisphosphonates: Drugs that enhance bone density by inhibiting osteoclasts
- Hormone Replacement Therapy: Boosts osteoblast activity to maintain bone health
- Evista: A medication that promotes bone growth while also lowering cholesterol levels
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Description
Explore the key concepts of the skeletal system with these flashcards covering essential bone classifications and their functions. Ideal for students in Anatomy & Physiology, these cards will help reinforce your understanding and retention of critical information. Prepare effectively for your exams!