Lab 5: Classification of Bones by Shape

Questions and Answers

How many bones are in the adult human body?

214

Name how many bones are in the head, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, in each superior limb, and in each inferior limb.

29, 26, 24, 1, 34, 33

How many categories of shapes are there for bones?

What are the five categories of shapes of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

Describe long bones.

88 bones of the body that are significantly elongated in one dimension, found only in the limbs, supporting columns functioning with joints and muscles to form levers for locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is each end of a long bone called?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the shaft of a bone termed?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What are the long bones of the superior limb?

Humerus, radius, ulna, five metacarpal bones, and 14 phalanges Signup and view all the answers

When a long bone is growing, it has cartilaginous growth plates called?

physes or epiphyseal cartilages Signup and view all the answers

The term ______________ refers to the portion of the diaphysis adjacent to one of these epiphyseal cartilages.

metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

The _________________ is the part of a growing long bone with the greatest metabolic activity and often flares (widens) as it joins the epiphyseal cartilage.

metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

Define short bones.

Relatively equidimensional in all major planes, often cuboidal shapes. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the only two places short bones are found?

The wrists and ankles Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are in each carpus?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How many tarsal bones are in each tarsus?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Short bones are often physically shorter than long bones but there are several exceptions.

True Signup and view all the answers

Define flat bones.

Bones that are significantly reduced in one dimension, often bent or curved. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of flat bones.

The clavicles, scapulae, ribs, sternum, many bones of the head, and the hip bones (ossa coxae) Signup and view all the answers

Define irregular bones.

Bones characterized by jutting processes. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of irregular bones.

Vertebrae, several bones in the head, auditory ossicles, mandible, and hyoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

Define sesamoid bones.

Small bones embedded in some tendons which function as bearing surfaces to protect the tendons from friction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest sesamoid bone in the body?

Kneecaps (patellae) Signup and view all the answers

Where are all ten sesamoid bones located?

Kneecaps, 2 at the base of each thumb, 2 at the base of each big toe. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Skeleton Overview

Adult human body typically contains 214 bones.
Specific bone counts:
- Head: 29
- Vertebrae: 26
- Ribs: 24
- Sternum: 1
- Superior limbs (arms): 34
- Inferior limbs (legs): 33

Categories of Bone Shapes

Five categories of bone shapes:
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Sesamoid bones

Long Bones

Comprise 88 bones, elongated in one dimension, primarily located in limbs.
Function as supporting columns, working with joints and muscles as levers for locomotion.
Each end of a long bone is called the epiphysis.
The shaft of a long bone is termed the diaphysis.
Long bones in the superior limb include:
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Five metacarpal bones
- 14 phalanges

Growth and Structure of Long Bones

Growing long bones have cartilaginous growth plates known as physes or epiphyseal cartilages.
The segment adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage is the metaphysis.
The metaphysis holds the highest metabolic activity and often flares as it meets the epiphyseal cartilage.

Short Bones

Short bones are relatively equidimensional in all major planes, often cuboidal.
Located exclusively in the wrists and ankles.
Each carpus contains 8 carpal bones.
Each tarsus contains 7 tarsal bones.
Short bones may be physically shorter than long bones, though there are exceptions.

Flat Bones

Flat bones are significantly reduced in one dimension and often bent or curved.
Examples include:
- Clavicles
- Scapulae
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Many cranial bones
- Hip bones (ossa coxae)

Irregular Bones

Characterized by protruding processes.
Examples include:
- Vertebrae
- Certain skull bones
- Auditory ossicles
- Mandible
- Hyoid bone (subject to classification as irregular or flat)

Sesamoid Bones

Small bones embedded in tendons, acting as bearing surfaces to reduce friction as tendons glide over bones.
The largest sesamoid bone is the kneecap (patella).
Notable locations of sesamoid bones include:
- Kneecaps
- Two at the base of each thumb
- Two at the base of each big toe

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Description

This quiz focuses on the classification of bones based on their shapes. Test your knowledge on the number of bones in the human body, their categories, and more. Ideal for students studying anatomy and physiology.