Web Technologies Tutorial 10: E-commerce
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of heartbeat monitoring in node management?

  • To increase the network speed
  • To share application data
  • To reduce hardware costs
  • To detect node failures (correct)

    • A user connected to a failed node will still perceive some level of availability.

    False

    What is a benefit of clustering in computing?

    A node can take over a running application without user awareness.

    To function effectively, each node in a heartbeat configuration requires dual ______ interfaces.

    <p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Heartbeat Monitoring = A method to detect node failures. Load Sharing = Using multiple nodes to handle requests. Clustering = Independent nodes functioning as a single server. Availability Enhancement = Strategies to improve service uptime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for heartbeat configuration?

    <p>Single node setup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple load sharing can significantly enhance overall system availability.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge associated with providing high availability in system integration?

    <p>Additional hardware and software requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MDT stand for in the context of system availability?

    <p>Mean Downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operational availability, Ao, generally gives a higher value than inherent availability, Ai.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one approach to increase system availability.

    <p>Load sharing, clustering, fault tolerance, or virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The configuration that distributes workload across multiple computers is called __________.

    <p>load sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of a basic load sharing configuration?

    <p>Inability for the monitor to track appropriate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to system availability with their descriptions:

    <p>Load Sharing = Improves availability by distributing workloads Clustering = Connects multiple computers to work as a single system Fault Tolerance = Allows a system to continue operation even after a failure Virtualization = Creates virtual versions of physical components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Load sharing configurations require high-end computers to operate effectively.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the load sharing monitor in a load sharing configuration?

    <p>To distribute incoming requests and monitor availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a cluster?

    <p>Increase availability through redundant nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an active-passive cluster, both nodes are actively processing requests and sharing load.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Server B in an active-active cluster when Server A fails?

    <p>Server B starts its own copy of the application and continues processing requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is used to periodically check the status of the nodes within a cluster.

    <p>heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential drawback of clustering?

    <p>Higher system administration tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clustering configuration to its description:

    <p>Active-Passive = Only one node handles requests while the other is on standby. Active-Active = Both nodes actively process requests and share load. Heartbeat Monitoring = Process of checking the health of nodes in a cluster. Redundant Nodes = Backups of nodes to maintain availability should one fail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hardware failures account for more than 50% of downtime in IT systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are necessary for a clustering function to operate effectively?

    <p>Dual network interfaces, special software, and system administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Web Technologies Tutorial 10

    • Introduction: E-commerce and e-business rely heavily on web technologies for daily operations. These systems must function 24/7/365

    • Availability: A key metric in the industry, availability signifies the probability a system is operational. Calculated as Uptime / (Uptime + Downtime)

    • Downtime: Downtime represents the total time a system is unusable. It has significant monetary costs for organizations.

    • Downtime Causes: Planned maintenance and upgrades account for the majority of downtime. Other causes are hardware/software upgrades, data backups and re-organizations, batch processing transactions, application/database maintenance, environmental factors, application errors, operator and user errors.

    • Classification of Downtime: Planned and unplanned downtime are categorized. Unplanned downtime includes operator or user errors, unexpected hardware or software failures, environmental factors. Backup and restoration of data and application updates are classified as an everyday task and essential to safeguard data, safety and application/services.

    • Downtime Costs: Organisations have tracked downtime costs for more than 30 years. Direct IT operating costs and revenue loss during downtime are significant factors.

      • Hourly cost per downtime per organization varies widely in 2001
      • Tables are provided showing various organizations revenue loss in 2001, including examples as Brokerage, Credit card authorizations, eBay etc

    • Downtime in Data Centers: Many companies outsource computer and network provision to commercial data centers. Power-related failures are a major cause of downtime.

    • Metrics:

      • Reliability: The ability of a system or component to perform functions under stated conditions for a specified period.
      • Mean Time to Failure (MTTF): A metric for non-repairable items indicating the average time a system will be operational. A simple definition is: MTTF = (test period x number of tested items) / number of tested items that fail
      • Annualized Failure Rate (AFR): Some manufacturers use AFR instead of MTTF. AFR is calculated as (number of failures x 8760 hours) / MTTF hours.

    • Availability Enhancement:

      • Load Sharing: Sharing total workload across multiple independent nodes. Typical load sharing configurations comprise a load sharing monitor and several independent nodes each having an independent storage for the application's various data components like the operating system, web server etc.,
      • Clustering: A collection of independent computer nodes functioning as a single server. Clusters operate in either active-passive or active-active modes. Active-passive configurations designate one system as active and dealing with user requests, with the passive node as a backup to immediately take over in the event of failure. Active-active configurations have both systems operating simultaneously, and if one fails the other can continue handling requests without downtime.
      • Fault Tolerance: Systems designed to continue operation during a hardware failure. Special components and configurations provide fault detection, isolation and fallback systems to reduce downtime.

    • Virtualization and Clouds: Technologies that utilize the underlying resources of a computer to create multiple virtualized environments, each appearing as an independent computer. This allows efficient utilization of existing hardware, reducing costs and simplifying management. Many potential benefits arise.

    • Disaster Recovery (DR): A plan to minimize the impact of a disaster event, including environmental (flood, earthquake, hurricane), equipment or system failure, loss of power or communications, or security incidents.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    TT284 Web Technologies Tutorial 10 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts of e-commerce and e-business related to web technologies. It discusses the significance of system availability, the impact of downtime, and the causes behind planned and unplanned downtime. Test your knowledge on these crucial topics for operational efficiency.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser