Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action for Nitrates?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Nitrates?
Nitrates cause vasodilation, thereby increasing oxygenated blood flow to the heart.
What are the main therapeutic uses of Nitrates?
What are the main therapeutic uses of Nitrates?
Nitrates are used for treating acute angina attacks and for prophylaxis (prevention) of angina.
List the common adverse effects associated with Nitrate administration.
List the common adverse effects associated with Nitrate administration.
Hypotension (which can be significant), headache, and flushing.
Match the following Nitrate drugs with their brand names:
Match the following Nitrate drugs with their brand names:
How should sublingual nitroglycerin be administered during an acute angina attack according to standard teaching?
How should sublingual nitroglycerin be administered during an acute angina attack according to standard teaching?
True or False: Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency over time and should be kept in their original brown bottle.
True or False: Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency over time and should be kept in their original brown bottle.
What sensation under the tongue might indicate that sublingual nitroglycerin is still potent?
What sensation under the tongue might indicate that sublingual nitroglycerin is still potent?
What instructions should be given regarding nitroglycerin patches?
What instructions should be given regarding nitroglycerin patches?
Why should patients taking nitrates be advised to rise slowly from a lying or sitting position?
Why should patients taking nitrates be advised to rise slowly from a lying or sitting position?
Describe the mechanism of action of Beta Blockers.
Describe the mechanism of action of Beta Blockers.
What are the primary clinical uses for Beta Blockers?
What are the primary clinical uses for Beta Blockers?
What are potential adverse effects of Beta Blockers?
What are potential adverse effects of Beta Blockers?
What is the brand name for the beta blocker Metoprolol?
What is the brand name for the beta blocker Metoprolol?
How do Bile Acid Resins work to lower cholesterol?
How do Bile Acid Resins work to lower cholesterol?
What is the main indication for using Bile Acid Resins?
What is the main indication for using Bile Acid Resins?
List the common adverse effects of Bile Acid Resins.
List the common adverse effects of Bile Acid Resins.
What is the brand name for the bile acid resin Cholestyramine?
What is the brand name for the bile acid resin Cholestyramine?
What is the mechanism of action for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
What is the mechanism of action for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
What is the primary use for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
What is the primary use for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
Identify potential adverse effects associated with HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins).
Identify potential adverse effects associated with HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins).
What is the brand name for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Simvastatin?
What is the brand name for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Simvastatin?
How do Fibric Acid Derivatives work to modify lipid levels?
How do Fibric Acid Derivatives work to modify lipid levels?
What are common adverse effects of Fibric Acid Derivatives?
What are common adverse effects of Fibric Acid Derivatives?
Match the following Fibric Acid Derivative brand names with their generic names:
Match the following Fibric Acid Derivative brand names with their generic names:
What are the two main effects of Cardiotonics (like Digoxin) on the heart?
What are the two main effects of Cardiotonics (like Digoxin) on the heart?
List potential adverse reactions associated with Cardiotonics.
List potential adverse reactions associated with Cardiotonics.
What are the characteristic signs and symptoms of Digoxin (Dig) toxicity?
What are the characteristic signs and symptoms of Digoxin (Dig) toxicity?
What is the antidote used for severe Digoxin toxicity?
What is the antidote used for severe Digoxin toxicity?
What is the therapeutic serum level range for Digoxin?
What is the therapeutic serum level range for Digoxin?
What electrolyte imbalance significantly increases a patient's risk for developing Digoxin toxicity?
What electrolyte imbalance significantly increases a patient's risk for developing Digoxin toxicity?
What vital sign must be carefully assessed before administering a dose of Digoxin?
What vital sign must be carefully assessed before administering a dose of Digoxin?
Describe the mechanism of action for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs).
Describe the mechanism of action for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs).
What are the primary therapeutic uses for ACE Inhibitors?
What are the primary therapeutic uses for ACE Inhibitors?
What is a characteristic and often troublesome adverse effect of ACE Inhibitors?
What is a characteristic and often troublesome adverse effect of ACE Inhibitors?
Match the following ACE Inhibitor drugs with their brand names:
Match the following ACE Inhibitor drugs with their brand names:
How do Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) exert their effects?
How do Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) exert their effects?
What conditions are Calcium Channel Blockers used to treat?
What conditions are Calcium Channel Blockers used to treat?
Identify common adverse effects associated with Calcium Channel Blockers.
Identify common adverse effects associated with Calcium Channel Blockers.
Match the following Calcium Channel Blocker drugs with their brand names:
Match the following Calcium Channel Blocker drugs with their brand names:
What is the mechanism of action for Loop Diuretics?
What is the mechanism of action for Loop Diuretics?
What are the main clinical uses for Loop Diuretics?
What are the main clinical uses for Loop Diuretics?
What is a common cardiovascular adverse effect of Loop Diuretics?
What is a common cardiovascular adverse effect of Loop Diuretics?
Match the following Loop Diuretic drugs with their brand names:
Match the following Loop Diuretic drugs with their brand names:
How do Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics lower blood pressure?
How do Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics lower blood pressure?
What is the primary indication for Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics?
What is the primary indication for Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics?
List common adverse effects of Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics.
List common adverse effects of Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics.
Match the following Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs with their brand names:
Match the following Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs with their brand names:
What is the mechanism of action for oral anticoagulants like Warfarin?
What is the mechanism of action for oral anticoagulants like Warfarin?
What are the primary indications for using oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)?
What are the primary indications for using oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)?
What is the main and most serious adverse effect of oral anticoagulants?
What is the main and most serious adverse effect of oral anticoagulants?
What is the brand name for the oral anticoagulant Warfarin?
What is the brand name for the oral anticoagulant Warfarin?
Which laboratory tests are used to monitor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy?
Which laboratory tests are used to monitor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy?
What are the typical target therapeutic ranges for PT and INR for a patient on Warfarin?
What are the typical target therapeutic ranges for PT and INR for a patient on Warfarin?
What is the pharmacological antidote for Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation?
What is the pharmacological antidote for Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation?
What is the mechanism of action for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What is the mechanism of action for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What are the clinical uses for parenteral anticoagulants such as Heparin?
What are the clinical uses for parenteral anticoagulants such as Heparin?
What is the primary adverse effect risk associated with parenteral anticoagulants?
What is the primary adverse effect risk associated with parenteral anticoagulants?
Which laboratory test is typically used to monitor intravenous Heparin therapy?
Which laboratory test is typically used to monitor intravenous Heparin therapy?
What is the target therapeutic range for PTT/aPTT for a patient receiving a therapeutic Heparin infusion?
What is the target therapeutic range for PTT/aPTT for a patient receiving a therapeutic Heparin infusion?
What is the antidote for Heparin overdose?
What is the antidote for Heparin overdose?
What is a potential advantage of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) compared to unfractionated Heparin?
What is a potential advantage of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) compared to unfractionated Heparin?
What is the brand name for the Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) Enoxaparin?
What is the brand name for the Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) Enoxaparin?
How is Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), such as Lovenox, typically administered?
How is Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), such as Lovenox, typically administered?
True or False: When administering a prefilled syringe of LMWH (e.g., Lovenox), the air bubble should be expelled before injection.
True or False: When administering a prefilled syringe of LMWH (e.g., Lovenox), the air bubble should be expelled before injection.
True or False: After injecting LMWH subcutaneously, the site should be aspirated before injection and massaged afterward.
True or False: After injecting LMWH subcutaneously, the site should be aspirated before injection and massaged afterward.
What is the general action of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the general action of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the primary condition treated with DMARDs?
What is the primary condition treated with DMARDs?
List potential adverse effects associated with DMARDs.
List potential adverse effects associated with DMARDs.
What laboratory test is often used to monitor inflammatory activity in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where DMARDs are used?
What laboratory test is often used to monitor inflammatory activity in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where DMARDs are used?
Match the following DMARDs with their brand names:
Match the following DMARDs with their brand names:
What specific blood count abnormalities are a concern with Methotrexate, and what monitoring is required?
What specific blood count abnormalities are a concern with Methotrexate, and what monitoring is required?
What is the mechanism of action for Bisphosphonates?
What is the mechanism of action for Bisphosphonates?
What are the primary clinical uses for Bisphosphonates?
What are the primary clinical uses for Bisphosphonates?
Describe common gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with oral Bisphosphonates.
Describe common gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with oral Bisphosphonates.
Name two common Bisphosphonate drugs used for osteoporosis.
Name two common Bisphosphonate drugs used for osteoporosis.
What is the generally accepted mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
What is the generally accepted mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
What are the common uses for NSAIDs?
What are the common uses for NSAIDs?
List common adverse effects associated with NSAID use.
List common adverse effects associated with NSAID use.
Match the following NSAID drugs with their common brand names:
Match the following NSAID drugs with their common brand names:
What allergy is a specific contraindication for taking Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
What allergy is a specific contraindication for taking Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
What are the primary pharmacological actions of Salicylates, such as Aspirin?
What are the primary pharmacological actions of Salicylates, such as Aspirin?
What are the clinical uses for Salicylates like Aspirin?
What are the clinical uses for Salicylates like Aspirin?
Identify two significant adverse effects associated with Salicylate (Aspirin) use.
Identify two significant adverse effects associated with Salicylate (Aspirin) use.
What is a common brand name for enteric-coated Aspirin?
What is a common brand name for enteric-coated Aspirin?
When initiating an intravenous (IV) line, should the nurse start insertion attempts proximally or distally on the limb?
When initiating an intravenous (IV) line, should the nurse start insertion attempts proximally or distally on the limb?
What is the recommended minimum frequency for monitoring an IV insertion site?
What is the recommended minimum frequency for monitoring an IV insertion site?
According to typical institutional protocols, how often should a peripheral IV catheter site be changed?
According to typical institutional protocols, how often should a peripheral IV catheter site be changed?
How often should continuously infusing IV fluid bags typically be changed?
How often should continuously infusing IV fluid bags typically be changed?
How often should primary and secondary continuous IV tubing typically be changed?
How often should primary and secondary continuous IV tubing typically be changed?
List potential local and systemic complications associated with IV therapy.
List potential local and systemic complications associated with IV therapy.
Describe the key signs and symptoms of a venous air embolism.
Describe the key signs and symptoms of a venous air embolism.
How do Nitrates work to treat cardiac conditions?
How do Nitrates work to treat cardiac conditions?
What are the primary uses for Nitrates?
What are the primary uses for Nitrates?
List the common adverse effects of Nitrates.
List the common adverse effects of Nitrates.
Which of the following drugs are classified as Nitrates?
Which of the following drugs are classified as Nitrates?
What is the brand name for Nitroglycerin?
What is the brand name for Nitroglycerin?
What is the brand name for Isosorbide Mononitrate?
What is the brand name for Isosorbide Mononitrate?
Describe the administration protocol for sublingual nitroglycerin during an acute angina attack.
Describe the administration protocol for sublingual nitroglycerin during an acute angina attack.
Nitroglycerin tablets should be replaced every year.
Nitroglycerin tablets should be replaced every year.
How do Beta Blockers work to manage cardiac conditions?
How do Beta Blockers work to manage cardiac conditions?
What are the clinical uses for Beta Blockers?
What are the clinical uses for Beta Blockers?
Provide an example of a Beta Blocker drug.
Provide an example of a Beta Blocker drug.
What is the brand name for Metoprolol?
What is the brand name for Metoprolol?
How do Bile Acid Resins lower cholesterol?
How do Bile Acid Resins lower cholesterol?
What is the primary use for Bile Acid Resins?
What is the primary use for Bile Acid Resins?
What are common adverse effects associated with Bile Acid Resins?
What are common adverse effects associated with Bile Acid Resins?
Name a Bile Acid Resin drug.
Name a Bile Acid Resin drug.
What is the brand name for Cholestyramine?
What is the brand name for Cholestyramine?
What is the main indication for using HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
What is the main indication for using HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)?
List potential adverse effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins).
List potential adverse effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins).
Provide an example of an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor drug.
Provide an example of an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor drug.
What is the brand name for Simvastatin?
What is the brand name for Simvastatin?
What are the adverse effects associated with Fibric Acid Derivatives?
What are the adverse effects associated with Fibric Acid Derivatives?
Which of the following are brand names for Fibric Acid Derivative drugs?
Which of the following are brand names for Fibric Acid Derivative drugs?
What is the generic name for Tricor?
What is the generic name for Tricor?
What is the generic name for Lopid?
What is the generic name for Lopid?
What are the primary effects of Cardiotonics (like Digoxin)?
What are the primary effects of Cardiotonics (like Digoxin)?
List common adverse reactions to Cardiotonics (Digoxin).
List common adverse reactions to Cardiotonics (Digoxin).
What are key signs of Digoxin (Dig) toxicity?
What are key signs of Digoxin (Dig) toxicity?
What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
Hypokalemia (low potassium) decreases the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Hypokalemia (low potassium) decreases the risk of digoxin toxicity.
What nursing intervention is crucial before administering any cardiotonic drug like Digoxin?
What nursing intervention is crucial before administering any cardiotonic drug like Digoxin?
How do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) lower blood pressure?
How do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) lower blood pressure?
What are the main uses for ACE Inhibitors?
What are the main uses for ACE Inhibitors?
What is a characteristic and common adverse effect of ACE Inhibitors?
What is a characteristic and common adverse effect of ACE Inhibitors?
Which of the following drugs are ACE Inhibitors?
Which of the following drugs are ACE Inhibitors?
What is the brand name for Benazepril?
What is the brand name for Benazepril?
What is the brand name for Lisinopril?
What is the brand name for Lisinopril?
What are the clinical applications of Calcium Channel Blockers?
What are the clinical applications of Calcium Channel Blockers?
List common adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers.
List common adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers.
Which of the following are examples of Calcium Channel Blocker drugs?
Which of the following are examples of Calcium Channel Blocker drugs?
What is the brand name for Amlodipine?
What is the brand name for Amlodipine?
What is the brand name for Diltiazem?
What is the brand name for Diltiazem?
What conditions are commonly treated with Loop Diuretics?
What conditions are commonly treated with Loop Diuretics?
What is a common adverse effect patients should be monitored for when taking Loop Diuretics?
What is a common adverse effect patients should be monitored for when taking Loop Diuretics?
Identify the Loop Diuretic drugs from the list below.
Identify the Loop Diuretic drugs from the list below.
What is the brand name for Furosemide?
What is the brand name for Furosemide?
What is the brand name for Bumetanide?
What is the brand name for Bumetanide?
What is the primary use for Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs?
What is the primary use for Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs?
Which of the following are Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs?
Which of the following are Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergic drugs?
What is the brand name for Methyldopa?
What is the brand name for Methyldopa?
What are the main uses for oral anticoagulants such as Warfarin?
What are the main uses for oral anticoagulants such as Warfarin?
What is the primary adverse effect of oral anticoagulants like Warfarin?
What is the primary adverse effect of oral anticoagulants like Warfarin?
What is the primary oral anticoagulant discussed that interferes with Vitamin K?
What is the primary oral anticoagulant discussed that interferes with Vitamin K?
What is the brand name for Warfarin?
What is the brand name for Warfarin?
What laboratory tests are used to monitor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, and what are the typical target ranges?
What laboratory tests are used to monitor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, and what are the typical target ranges?
What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose or excessive anticoagulation?
What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose or excessive anticoagulation?
How do parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin work?
How do parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin work?
What are the uses for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What are the uses for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What is the main adverse effect of parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What is the main adverse effect of parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin?
What is the primary parenteral anticoagulant discussed?
What is the primary parenteral anticoagulant discussed?
What laboratory test is used to monitor therapeutic intravenous Heparin therapy, and what is the typical target range?
What laboratory test is used to monitor therapeutic intravenous Heparin therapy, and what is the typical target range?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) carries a higher risk of bleeding compared to unfractionated Heparin.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) carries a higher risk of bleeding compared to unfractionated Heparin.
Name an example of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) drug.
Name an example of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) drug.
What is the brand name for Enoxaparin?
What is the brand name for Enoxaparin?
Which of the following is a key nursing intervention when administering Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) like Enoxaparin?
Which of the following is a key nursing intervention when administering Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) like Enoxaparin?
What is the primary action of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the primary action of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the main use for Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the main use for Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What are potential adverse effects associated with DMARDs?
What are potential adverse effects associated with DMARDs?
What laboratory test can be used to monitor disease activity and response to therapy in conditions treated with DMARDs?
What laboratory test can be used to monitor disease activity and response to therapy in conditions treated with DMARDs?
Which of these drugs are classified as DMARDs?
Which of these drugs are classified as DMARDs?
What is the brand name for Adalimumab?
What is the brand name for Adalimumab?
What is the brand name for Etanercept?
What is the brand name for Etanercept?
What is the brand name for Methotrexate used in rheumatology?
What is the brand name for Methotrexate used in rheumatology?
What are potential hematologic adverse effects of Methotrexate, and what monitoring is required?
What are potential hematologic adverse effects of Methotrexate, and what monitoring is required?
How do Bisphosphonates work?
How do Bisphosphonates work?
What are the primary uses for Bisphosphonates?
What are the primary uses for Bisphosphonates?
List common gastrointestinal adverse effects of oral Bisphosphonates.
List common gastrointestinal adverse effects of oral Bisphosphonates.
Which of the following drugs are Bisphosphonates?
Which of the following drugs are Bisphosphonates?
What is the proposed mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
What is the proposed mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
Which of the following medications are classified as NSAIDs?
Which of the following medications are classified as NSAIDs?
What is the brand name for Ibuprofen?
What is the brand name for Ibuprofen?
What is the brand name for Celecoxib, and what specific contraindication does it have?
What is the brand name for Celecoxib, and what specific contraindication does it have?
What are the primary pharmacological actions of Salicylates (like Aspirin)?
What are the primary pharmacological actions of Salicylates (like Aspirin)?
What are the therapeutic uses for Salicylates?
What are the therapeutic uses for Salicylates?
What are significant adverse effects associated with Salicylates?
What are significant adverse effects associated with Salicylates?
What is the primary example of a Salicylate drug?
What is the primary example of a Salicylate drug?
Which principle should guide IV site selection?
Which principle should guide IV site selection?
How often should peripheral IV sites typically be monitored and changed?
How often should peripheral IV sites typically be monitored and changed?
What is infiltration in the context of IV therapy?
What is infiltration in the context of IV therapy?
Which of the following are potential complications of IV therapy?
Which of the following are potential complications of IV therapy?
List cardiovascular signs and symptoms associated with a venous air embolism.
List cardiovascular signs and symptoms associated with a venous air embolism.
Describe the respiratory signs and symptoms that may indicate a venous air embolism.
Describe the respiratory signs and symptoms that may indicate a venous air embolism.
What neurological changes might occur with a venous air embolism?
What neurological changes might occur with a venous air embolism?
How do nitrates improve oxygenated blood flow to the heart?
How do nitrates improve oxygenated blood flow to the heart?
List the common adverse effects associated with nitrate use.
List the common adverse effects associated with nitrate use.
Match the generic nitrate drug name to its brand name.
Match the generic nitrate drug name to its brand name.
Describe the instructions for using sublingual nitroglycerin during an acute angina attack.
Describe the instructions for using sublingual nitroglycerin during an acute angina attack.
Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency over time and should be replaced every 3-6 months.
Nitroglycerin tablets lose potency over time and should be replaced every 3-6 months.
When applying a nitroglycerin patch, it's important to place the new patch in the exact same spot each day.
When applying a nitroglycerin patch, it's important to place the new patch in the exact same spot each day.
How do beta blockers help manage angina?
How do beta blockers help manage angina?
Besides angina, what other conditions are commonly treated with beta blockers?
Besides angina, what other conditions are commonly treated with beta blockers?
Explain the mechanism of action for bile acid resins.
Explain the mechanism of action for bile acid resins.
What are common adverse effects of bile acid resins?
What are common adverse effects of bile acid resins?
How do HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) lower cholesterol?
How do HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) lower cholesterol?
What is a notable adverse effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that involves the muscles?
What is a notable adverse effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that involves the muscles?
Describe the mechanism of action of fibric acid derivatives.
Describe the mechanism of action of fibric acid derivatives.
What are potential adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives?
What are potential adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives?
Match the fibric acid derivative brand name to its generic name.
Match the fibric acid derivative brand name to its generic name.
What is often the first sign of digoxin toxicity in adults?
What is often the first sign of digoxin toxicity in adults?
List key signs and symptoms specifically associated with digoxin toxicity.
List key signs and symptoms specifically associated with digoxin toxicity.
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) predisposes a patient to digoxin toxicity.
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) predisposes a patient to digoxin toxicity.
How do ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) work to lower blood pressure?
How do ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) work to lower blood pressure?
What is a common and distinctive adverse effect associated with ACE inhibitors?
What is a common and distinctive adverse effect associated with ACE inhibitors?
Match the generic ACE inhibitor drug name to its brand name.
Match the generic ACE inhibitor drug name to its brand name.
Describe the mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers (CCBs).
Describe the mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers (CCBs).
What are the main uses for calcium channel blockers?
What are the main uses for calcium channel blockers?
Match the generic calcium channel blocker drug name to its brand name.
Match the generic calcium channel blocker drug name to its brand name.
How do loop diuretics work?
How do loop diuretics work?
What is a common cardiovascular adverse effect associated with loop diuretics?
What is a common cardiovascular adverse effect associated with loop diuretics?
Match the generic loop diuretic drug name to its brand name.
Match the generic loop diuretic drug name to its brand name.
What is the mechanism of action for centrally-acting antiadrenergic drugs?
What is the mechanism of action for centrally-acting antiadrenergic drugs?
Match the generic centrally-acting antiadrenergic drug name to its brand name.
Match the generic centrally-acting antiadrenergic drug name to its brand name.
How do oral anticoagulants like Warfarin work?
How do oral anticoagulants like Warfarin work?
What are the main indications for using oral anticoagulants such as Warfarin (Coumadin)?
What are the main indications for using oral anticoagulants such as Warfarin (Coumadin)?
What is the primary adverse effect of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
What is the primary adverse effect of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
What lab tests monitor Warfarin therapy, and what are the typical target therapeutic ranges?
What lab tests monitor Warfarin therapy, and what are the typical target therapeutic ranges?
What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose?
What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) overdose?
List the uses for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin.
List the uses for parenteral anticoagulants like Heparin.
What is the main adverse effect associated with Heparin therapy?
What is the main adverse effect associated with Heparin therapy?
What lab test is primarily used to monitor Heparin therapy (standard unfractionated heparin), and what is the typical therapeutic range?
What lab test is primarily used to monitor Heparin therapy (standard unfractionated heparin), and what is the typical therapeutic range?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is associated with a higher risk of bleeding compared to standard unfractionated heparin.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is associated with a higher risk of bleeding compared to standard unfractionated heparin.
Which instruction is correct regarding the subcutaneous administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) like Enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
Which instruction is correct regarding the subcutaneous administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) like Enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)?
What laboratory test can help monitor the level of inflammation often treated by DMARDs?
What laboratory test can help monitor the level of inflammation often treated by DMARDs?
Match the generic DMARD name to its brand name.
Match the generic DMARD name to its brand name.
What are potential hematologic adverse effects of Methotrexate?
What are potential hematologic adverse effects of Methotrexate?
How frequently should hematology, liver, and renal function tests be performed for patients taking Methotrexate?
How frequently should hematology, liver, and renal function tests be performed for patients taking Methotrexate?
What conditions are bisphosphonates used to treat?
What conditions are bisphosphonates used to treat?
List common adverse effects associated with oral bisphosphonates.
List common adverse effects associated with oral bisphosphonates.
Which of the following are examples of bisphosphonate drugs?
Which of the following are examples of bisphosphonate drugs?
List common adverse effects of NSAIDs.
List common adverse effects of NSAIDs.
Celecoxib (Celebrex) is contraindicated in patients with an allergy to which type of medication?
Celecoxib (Celebrex) is contraindicated in patients with an allergy to which type of medication?
What are the main therapeutic actions of salicylates like Aspirin?
What are the main therapeutic actions of salicylates like Aspirin?
What are the uses for salicylates such as Aspirin?
What are the uses for salicylates such as Aspirin?
What are two significant potential adverse effects of salicylates (e.g., Aspirin)?
What are two significant potential adverse effects of salicylates (e.g., Aspirin)?
When initiating IV therapy, the nurse should attempt insertions on the patient's dominant side first.
When initiating IV therapy, the nurse should attempt insertions on the patient's dominant side first.
How frequently should a peripheral IV insertion site typically be monitored?
How frequently should a peripheral IV insertion site typically be monitored?
List potential complications associated with intravenous (IV) therapy.
List potential complications associated with intravenous (IV) therapy.
Which set of signs and symptoms is most characteristic of a venous air embolism?
Which set of signs and symptoms is most characteristic of a venous air embolism?
Flashcards
Nitrates
Nitrates
Vasodilates, increasing oxygenated blood flow to the heart.
Nitrates Uses
Nitrates Uses
Used for acute angina and prophylaxis.
Nitrates Adverse Effects
Nitrates Adverse Effects
Can cause hypotension, headache, and flushing.
Nitrates Drugs
Nitrates Drugs
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Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin
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Isosorbide Mononitrate
Isosorbide Mononitrate
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Isosorbide Dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate
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Nitrates Patient Teaching
Nitrates Patient Teaching
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Beta Blockers
Beta Blockers
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Beta Blocker Uses
Beta Blocker Uses
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Beta Blockers Adverse Effects
Beta Blockers Adverse Effects
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Beta Blocker Drugs
Beta Blocker Drugs
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Metoprolol
Metoprolol
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Bile Acid Resins
Bile Acid Resins
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Bile Acid Resins Uses
Bile Acid Resins Uses
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Bile Acid Resins Adverse Effects
Bile Acid Resins Adverse Effects
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Bile Acid Resins Drugs
Bile Acid Resins Drugs
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Cholestyramine
Cholestyramine
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Uses
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Uses
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Adverse Effects
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Adverse Effects
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Drugs
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Drugs
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Simvastatin
Simvastatin
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Fibric Acid Derivatives
Fibric Acid Derivatives
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Fibric Acid Derivatives Adverse Effects
Fibric Acid Derivatives Adverse Effects
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Fibric Acid Derivatives Drugs
Fibric Acid Derivatives Drugs
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Tricor
Tricor
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Lopid
Lopid
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Cardiotonics
Cardiotonics
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Cardiotonics Adverse Reactions
Cardiotonics Adverse Reactions
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Cardiotonics: Dig Toxicity
Cardiotonics: Dig Toxicity
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Cardiotonics Nursing Interventions
Cardiotonics Nursing Interventions
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Antihypertensives (ACEIs)
Antihypertensives (ACEIs)
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Antihypertensives Uses
Antihypertensives Uses
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Antihypertensives Adverse Effects
Antihypertensives Adverse Effects
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Antihypertensives Drugs
Antihypertensives Drugs
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Benazepril
Benazepril
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Lisinopril
Lisinopril
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Captopril
Captopril
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Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
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Calcium Channel Blockers Uses
Calcium Channel Blockers Uses
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Calcium Channel Blockers Adverse Effects
Calcium Channel Blockers Adverse Effects
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Calcium Channel Blockers Drugs
Calcium Channel Blockers Drugs
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Amlodipine
Amlodipine
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Diltiazem
Diltiazem
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Loop Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
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Loop Diuretics Uses
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Loop Diuretics Adverse Effects
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Loop Diuretics Drugs
Loop Diuretics Drugs
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Furosemide
Furosemide
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Bumetanide
Bumetanide
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Study Notes
Nitrates
- Act as vasodilators, increasing oxygenated blood flow to the heart.
- Used for acute angina and prophylaxis.
- Adverse effects include hypotension, headache, and flushing.
- Drug examples are Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat), Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur), Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil), and Nitrates in patch form.
Nitrates: Patient Teaching
- For acute angina, administer sublingual nitroglycerin every 5 minutes for up to 3 doses; if pain persists, seek medical attention.
- Monitor vital signs and document chest pain.
- Apical pulse should be taken with any cardiac drug.
- Ensure patient safety due to potential hypotensive effects.
- Nitroglycerin should be replaced every 3-6 months and stored in a brown bottle.
- Patients should rise slowly from lying or sitting positions.
- Nitroglycerin should cause a tingling or stinging sensation when used.
- Patch sites should be rotated, and old patches removed.
- Patients should carry nitroglycerin at all times and use it prophylactically before stress-inducing activities.
Beta Blockers
- Slow heart rate and cause vasodilation, reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
- Used for angina maintenance, hypertension, and CHF.
- Can cause bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchospasm with nonselective types.
- Metoprolol (Lopressor) is an example of a beta-blocker drug.
Bile Acid Resins
- Bind with bile acids to prevent their use, prompting the liver to use more cholesterol to produce bile.
- Used to treat hyperlipidemia.
- Adverse effects include constipation, GI distress, and malabsorption of vitamin K.
- Cholestyramine (Questran) is a bile acid resin medication.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Inhibit cholesterol production or promote its breakdown.
- Treat hyperlipidemia.
- Adverse effects can include constipation, flatulence, and muscle toxicity.
- Simvastatin (Zocor) is an example.
Fibric Acid Derivatives
- Stimulate the liver to break down VLDL and LDL, and increase cholesterol excretion in feces.
- Adverse effects include N/V/D and cholelithiasis.
- Examples include Fenofibrate (Tricor) and Gemfibrozil (Lopid).
Cardiotonics
- Increase the force of myocardial contraction and slow heart rate.
- Can cause headache, weakness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, arrhythmias, and GI upset.
- Anorexia and nausea are often the first signs of toxicity in adults.
- GI or CNS signs often indicate adverse effects.
Cardiotonics: Dig Toxicity
- Manifests as green/yellow halos in vision, anorexia, N/V/D, and hypokalemia.
Cardiotonics: Nursing Interventions
- Digibind is the antidote for Dig toxicity.
- The therapeutic level is 0.8-2.0; levels greater than 2.0 are considered toxic.
- Monitor apical pulse.
- Hypokalemia predisposes patients to Dig toxicity.
Antihypertensives (ACEIs)
- Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction.
- Used for hypertension and heart failure.
- Adverse effects include cough, hypotension, dizziness, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension.
- Examples include Benazepril (Lotensin), Lisinopril (Zestril), and Captopril (Capoten).
Calcium Channel Blockers
- Block calcium movement across cell membranes, causing vasodilation; slows heart rate and decreases contractility.
- Used for hypertension, angina, and as an antiarrhythmic.
- Adverse effects include peripheral edema, headache, constipation, nasal congestion, hypotension, and bradycardia.
- Examples of drugs include Amlodipine (Norvasc) and Diltiazem (Cardizem).
Loop Diuretics
- Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
- Used for hypertension and edema related to renal failure, cirrhosis, or CHF.
- Orthostatic hypotension is a notable adverse effect.
- Examples are Furosemide (Lasix) and Bumetanide (Bumex).
Centrally-Acting Antiadrenergics
- Block alpha-adrenergic receptors, producing vasodilation.
- Used for hypertension.
- Adverse effects include drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, constipation, and syncope.
- Drugs include Clonidine (Catapres) and Methyldopa (Aldomet).
Anticoagulants-Oral
- Interfere with Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
- Used for the prevention and treatment of DVT and A-fib-induced emboli.
- Bleeding is a primary adverse effect.
- Warfarin (Coumadin) is a common oral anticoagulant.
Anticoagulants-Oral: Nursing Interventions
- Monitor PT/INR results before administering Warfarin (Coumadin).
- PT target is 1.2-1.5, and INR target is 2-3.
- Vitamin K is the antidote.
Anticoagulants-Parenteral
- Inhibit the formation of fibrin clots.
- Used for prevention and treatment of DVT and A-fib-induced emboli.
- Heparin is used to maintain patency of IV catheters.
- Bleeding is a major adverse effect.
- Heparin is a common parenteral anticoagulant.
Anticoagulants-Parenteral: Nursing Interventions
- Monitor PTT results before administering Heparin.
- Heparin PTT target is 1.5-2.5.
- Protamine sulfate is the antidote.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
- Bleeding is less likely compared to heparin.
- Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is a common LMWH.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH): Nursing Interventions
- Administered subcutaneously, without expelling the air bubble.
- Do not aspirate or massage the injection site.
- Inject subcutaneously in the abdomen, rotating sites.
DMARDs
- Produce immunosuppression.
- Used for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adverse effects include signs/symptoms of infection, nausea, stomatitis, and alopecia.
- Monitor Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).
- Examples include Adalimumab (Humira), Etanercept (Enbrel), and Methotrexate (Rheumatrex).
DMARDs: Methotrexate
- Can cause thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
- Hematology, liver, and renal function should be monitored every 3 months.
Bisphosphonates
- Act on bone to inhibit normal and abnormal bone resorption.
- Used for osteoporosis and hypercalcemia.
- Adverse effects include acid regurgitation, dysphagia, N/D.
- Alendronate and Ibandronate are examples.
NSAIDs
- Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
- Used for chronic pain and fever.
- Adverse effects include N/V, epigastric pain, bloating, GI bleeding, and potential ineffectiveness of hypertension medications.
- Common NSAIDs include Ibuprofen (Motrin), Naproxen (Aleve), and Celecoxib (Celebrex).
- Celecoxib (Celebrex) is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies.
Salicylates
- Inhibit prostaglandins, acting as anti-inflammatories and analgesics.
- Used for mild to moderate pain and inflammation; low doses are used for cardiovascular disorders.
- Can cause GI ulcerations/bleeding and tinnitus (ototoxicity).
- Aspirin (Ecotrin) is a common salicylate.
IV Therapy Nursing Interventions
- Wash hands/wear gloves.
- Start distally and work proximally.
- Use the non-dominant side first.
- Avoid sites on the side of trauma, stroke, surgery, etc.
- Monitor the site every 2 hours.
- Change the site per protocol, usually every 72 hours.
- Use the smallest catheter necessary.
- Use aseptic technique when starting and accessing IVs.
- Flush intermittent needle therapy (INTs) before and after accessing (at least every 8 hours).
- Change fluids every 24 hours and tubings every 72 hours (and with site changes).
- Monitor for complications.
IV Therapy Complications
- Infiltration
- Fluid overload
- Infection (localized and systemic)
- Venous vasospasm
- Emboli
- Hematoma
Venous Air Embolism: Signs and Symptoms
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
- Weak, thready pulse
- Chest pain
- Jugular vein distention
Respiratory
- Dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Tachypnea
- Expiratory wheezes
- Cough
- Pulmonary edema
- Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
- Hemoptysis
Neurological
- Changes in mental status
- Confusion
- Coma
- Anxiousness
- Seizures
- Lightheadedness
- Weakness
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