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Questions and Answers
The ______ Distribution System is a means by which water is moved from a source to the point at which it is used.
The ______ Distribution System is a means by which water is moved from a source to the point at which it is used.
Water
A reliable water supply must support normal use as well as support ______ operations.
A reliable water supply must support normal use as well as support ______ operations.
Fire Dept
The four components of a water system include Source of Supply, Means of moving water, Processing or treatment facility, and ______ system.
The four components of a water system include Source of Supply, Means of moving water, Processing or treatment facility, and ______ system.
Distribution
A ______ System is used in cities where the source is located above the city and is extremely reliable.
A ______ System is used in cities where the source is located above the city and is extremely reliable.
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A Direct Pumping System is dependent on ______ and power to run them.
A Direct Pumping System is dependent on ______ and power to run them.
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The Combination System is the most ______ system used in Greensboro.
The Combination System is the most ______ system used in Greensboro.
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Water Treatment Facilities add ______ to kill bacteria.
Water Treatment Facilities add ______ to kill bacteria.
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Water mains in the distribution system can be made of cast iron, ductile iron, asbestos cement, and ______.
Water mains in the distribution system can be made of cast iron, ductile iron, asbestos cement, and ______.
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Water remains in the barrel at all times for a ______ barrel.
Water remains in the barrel at all times for a ______ barrel.
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A drain valve is required in a ______ barrel to permit water escape.
A drain valve is required in a ______ barrel to permit water escape.
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Proper drainage should be provided for ______ barrel hydrants.
Proper drainage should be provided for ______ barrel hydrants.
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The NFPA color code for Class AA hydrants is ______, indicating they can discharge 1500 GPM or greater.
The NFPA color code for Class AA hydrants is ______, indicating they can discharge 1500 GPM or greater.
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Hydrants in high-value or high-hazard districts should be spaced at not to exceed ______ feet at each intersection.
Hydrants in high-value or high-hazard districts should be spaced at not to exceed ______ feet at each intersection.
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Standard outlets of a hydrant typically include one 4 or 4 ½” outlet and two ______ outlets.
Standard outlets of a hydrant typically include one 4 or 4 ½” outlet and two ______ outlets.
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Hydrants should be operated once a year and flow tested every ______ years.
Hydrants should be operated once a year and flow tested every ______ years.
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The 4 ½ outlet should be positioned to face the ______.
The 4 ½ outlet should be positioned to face the ______.
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Check for obstructions to the ______
Check for obstructions to the ______
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Hydrant faces the ______
Hydrant faces the ______
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Inspect the hydrant barrel for ______ objects
Inspect the hydrant barrel for ______ objects
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Flow until water is ______
Flow until water is ______
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Static pressure is the pressure of water at ______
Static pressure is the pressure of water at ______
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Water main valves should be operated at least once a ______
Water main valves should be operated at least once a ______
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Flow pressure is the forward velocity pressure at a discharge ______
Flow pressure is the forward velocity pressure at a discharge ______
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Hydrant brands in Greensboro include ______ and Mueller
Hydrant brands in Greensboro include ______ and Mueller
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Valves in private fire protection are of this type: __________.
Valves in private fire protection are of this type: __________.
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Most valves in public water systems are __________ valves.
Most valves in public water systems are __________ valves.
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The valve that is kept in the open position with a padlock is called a __________ Indicator Valve.
The valve that is kept in the open position with a padlock is called a __________ Indicator Valve.
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Friction loss in water mains is higher in __________ than in plastic or asbestos cement.
Friction loss in water mains is higher in __________ than in plastic or asbestos cement.
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Tuberculation is a type of __________ caused by rust inside water pipes.
Tuberculation is a type of __________ caused by rust inside water pipes.
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To determine available fire flow for pre-planning, a __________ is needed.
To determine available fire flow for pre-planning, a __________ is needed.
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Sedimentation can include mud, clay, leaves, or __________ decay.
Sedimentation can include mud, clay, leaves, or __________ decay.
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Butterfly valves pivot on a center stem to block the opening or turn __________ to allow for flow.
Butterfly valves pivot on a center stem to block the opening or turn __________ to allow for flow.
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Primary Feeders are large pipes with relatively wide spacing that carry large quantities of water to various points of the system for distribution to smaller ______.
Primary Feeders are large pipes with relatively wide spacing that carry large quantities of water to various points of the system for distribution to smaller ______.
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Secondary Feeders should not be installed over ______ feet apart in built-up areas, according to NFPA standards.
Secondary Feeders should not be installed over ______ feet apart in built-up areas, according to NFPA standards.
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Distributors are the smaller internal grid arrangements that connect to branch piping serving consumer blocks and individual fire ______.
Distributors are the smaller internal grid arrangements that connect to branch piping serving consumer blocks and individual fire ______.
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A grid is a network of waterlines that make up a distribution system, allowing hydrants to be supplied from at least ______ directions.
A grid is a network of waterlines that make up a distribution system, allowing hydrants to be supplied from at least ______ directions.
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In congested areas, distributors should not be less than ______ inches and interlocked at 600 feet or less.
In congested areas, distributors should not be less than ______ inches and interlocked at 600 feet or less.
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Hydrants are usually made of cast ______ with bronze working parts.
Hydrants are usually made of cast ______ with bronze working parts.
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The American Water Works Association has adopted a national standard hydrant for ordinary waterworks service to prevent difficulties such as excessive ______ loss.
The American Water Works Association has adopted a national standard hydrant for ordinary waterworks service to prevent difficulties such as excessive ______ loss.
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In warm climates, hydrants typically use a ______ barrel design, where the valve is located at the hose outlet.
In warm climates, hydrants typically use a ______ barrel design, where the valve is located at the hose outlet.
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Designate the next fire hydrant on the water main as a 'Flow' ______.
Designate the next fire hydrant on the water main as a 'Flow' ______.
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To determine forward velocity pressure, a ______ tube is used.
To determine forward velocity pressure, a ______ tube is used.
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Static water sources must be checked for ______ to prevent health problems.
Static water sources must be checked for ______ to prevent health problems.
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The Hazen Williams Formula uses coefficients of .7, .8, or ______ depending upon the outlet's construction.
The Hazen Williams Formula uses coefficients of .7, .8, or ______ depending upon the outlet's construction.
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Dry hydrants are typically constructed of steel or PVC pipe with ______ at the water source.
Dry hydrants are typically constructed of steel or PVC pipe with ______ at the water source.
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When using a flow hydrant, the stream may take ______ to clear.
When using a flow hydrant, the stream may take ______ to clear.
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Pre-planning for water supplies will help identify ______ sources.
Pre-planning for water supplies will help identify ______ sources.
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Hazen Williams Formula requires the area to measure GPM flow as ______ x 29.83 x √NP.
Hazen Williams Formula requires the area to measure GPM flow as ______ x 29.83 x √NP.
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Study Notes
Water Supplies
- Greensboro Fire Department Training Division outlines water supply systems, including components, types, and their applications.
- Water Distribution System: A system for moving water from a source to a point of use, meeting quality, supply, reliability, and cost feasibility standards.
- Components of a Water System: Source (groundwater wells, springs, surface water rivers, lakes, aqueducts, and reservoirs), means of moving water (mechanical, gravity, or combination), processing/treatment facility, and distribution system.
- System Types: Gravity system, which works in cities where the water source is above the city (relies on gravity), direct pumping system (relies on pumps), and combination system (combines gravity and direct).
Water Treatment Facilities
- Treatment Facilities: Facilities for treating water for domestic use (e.g., removing contaminants, adding chlorine to kill bacteria, and fluoride to prevent tooth decay).
- Distribution System: The part of the overall water system that receives water from the pumping station and distributes it across the service area.
- System Components: Primary feeders (large pipes conveying water), secondary feeders (intermediate-sized pipes reinforcing the grid), distributors (smaller pipes serving consumer blocks and fire hydrants), and the grid (network of waterlines).
Piping Size and Recommendations
- Residential Piping: 8-inch or 6-inch pipes for a grid system spaced at intervals not exceeding 600 feet are recommended. Six inches is less recommended for fire service supply where no leg exceeds 200 feet.
- Industrial Piping: 8-inch and 12-inch (or larger) pipes, sizing depending on the building's size, layout, and occupancy.
- Hydrants: A national standard for ordinary water service hydrants, made of cast iron with bronze working parts, requiring slow opening and closing to prevent water hammers.
Hydrant Color Codes
- Hydrant Specifications: National standard hydrant color codes (such as Class AA in light blue, Class A in green, B in orange, and Class C in red) based on flow capacity.
- Greensboro Specifics: Greensboro Fire Department's specific hydrant color codes—differentiated by color and flow rate.
Hydrant Spacing
- Residential Spacing: Hydrants at intersections and intermediate spacing should not exceed 500 feet.
- High-Value Districts: Hydrants should not exceed 300 feet in high-value or high-hazard districts.
Pressure Types
- Normal Operating Pressure: The pressure consistently found on a water distribution system during normal usage.
- Residual Pressure: The part of total pressure not used to overcome friction and gravity in the water system.
- Flow Pressure: The velocity pressure during water flow.
- Static Pressure: The pressure of water when at rest.
Water Main Valves
- Function: Water main valves control water flow within a distribution system.
- Types: Indicating valves display gate/valve seat position; non-indicating valves (most common in public water systems) often buried or in manholes requiring specific keys to open/close. Valve types include butterfly and gate.
Water System Issues
- Causes of Increased Friction: Friction in water mains occurs due to materials (cast iron has higher friction than plastic or asbestos cement), fittings, elbows, valves, meters, and incrustation (rust, chemical contaminants, and biological growths).
Determining Available Fire Flow
- Determining Available Fire Flow: Used for pre-planning, modification needs, and fire suppression system support (annual testing). Tests performed to measure pressure and flow at hydrants on normal flow.
Water Supplies and Alternative Methods
- Alternative water supplies: These become important if the municipal water system fails. Industries may have private systems, and options include lakes, ponds, rivers, and farm stock tanks. Adequate planning and potential access is crucial for these alternate sources.
Additional Information for Water Supply
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Dry Hydrants: Hydrants (often constructed of steel or PVC) installed (at sources to increase water supply availability suitable to help pumper connections.
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Rural Water Supply: Operations for rural water supply systems involve water shuttles/hauling to portable tanks, key elements including attack pumper position, fill site and tanker procedures.
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Drafting for Larger Operations: Larger operations involving water use will involve multiple tank usage, jet siphons, hard suction hose and drafting from tanks.
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Description
Explore the essential components and types of water supply systems as outlined by the Greensboro Fire Department Training Division. This quiz delves into water distribution systems, treatment facilities, and the methods used to ensure safe and reliable water delivery. Enhance your understanding of the engineering behind water supply.
