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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of valves in a water distribution system?
What is the primary purpose of valves in a water distribution system?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a water distribution system?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a water distribution system?
For large buildings, what is the preferable source of drinking water?
For large buildings, what is the preferable source of drinking water?
What is a common characteristic of a cold water supply system in small dwellings?
What is a common characteristic of a cold water supply system in small dwellings?
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How should water mains be positioned in relation to sewers?
How should water mains be positioned in relation to sewers?
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What is a critical feature that must be avoided in water distribution systems?
What is a critical feature that must be avoided in water distribution systems?
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What is meant by 'effective circulation of water' in a distribution system?
What is meant by 'effective circulation of water' in a distribution system?
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To safeguard against contamination during repairs, what must be guarded in a water distribution system?
To safeguard against contamination during repairs, what must be guarded in a water distribution system?
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What is a significant advantage of a direct up-feed pumping system?
What is a significant advantage of a direct up-feed pumping system?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of the direct up-feed pumping system?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the direct up-feed pumping system?
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What benefit does the air-tight water chamber provide?
What benefit does the air-tight water chamber provide?
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In terms of hot water supply systems, which type is more likely to involve high installation costs?
In terms of hot water supply systems, which type is more likely to involve high installation costs?
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Which statement accurately reflects a drawback of a directly supplied heater?
Which statement accurately reflects a drawback of a directly supplied heater?
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How does the oxygen in compressed air benefit the water supply system?
How does the oxygen in compressed air benefit the water supply system?
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Which factor allows the direct up-feed pumping system to maintain a constant pressure?
Which factor allows the direct up-feed pumping system to maintain a constant pressure?
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What is a primary economic advantage of smaller pipe diameter in a water supply system?
What is a primary economic advantage of smaller pipe diameter in a water supply system?
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Which of the following is an advantage of the overhead feed system?
Which of the following is an advantage of the overhead feed system?
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What is a disadvantage of the overhead feed system?
What is a disadvantage of the overhead feed system?
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Which system is characterized by the water being exposed to natural elements?
Which system is characterized by the water being exposed to natural elements?
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In which water supply system are pump failures unlikely to affect the regular water supply?
In which water supply system are pump failures unlikely to affect the regular water supply?
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What is a key feature of the air pressure distribution system?
What is a key feature of the air pressure distribution system?
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Which option best describes a disadvantage of direct water supply systems?
Which option best describes a disadvantage of direct water supply systems?
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Which statement accurately describes the indirect water supply system?
Which statement accurately describes the indirect water supply system?
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Which is an essential drawback of the overhead feed water system?
Which is an essential drawback of the overhead feed water system?
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Study Notes
Water Supply Systems
- Public water distribution: Provides water to buildings through various systems: Direct pressure distribution and Indirect pressure distribution.
- Household water supply: Includes the house service (main), risers, and branches that distribute water within the building.
Provisions of Water Distribution
- Adequate supply and pressure: Ensures consistent water flow for all building purposes.
- Valves and blow-offs: Allow for repairs and maintenance without interrupting water supply.
- Protected reservoir: Prevents contamination and cross-connections with inferior water systems.
- Tight connections: Minimize leaks and prevent submerged mains and branches.
- Effective circulation: Reduces dead ends and promotes fresh water flow.
- Protection from contamination: Prevents contamination during repairs, replacements, or extensions.
- Main placement: Mains should be positioned above and away from sewers.
Cold Water Supply System
- Small Dwellings: Typically rely on direct water supply from the mains.
- Large Buildings: Often use indirect water supply from cisterns or storage tanks.
- Direct Water Supply: Water flows directly from the public main to the building.
- Indirect Water Supply: Water is stored in a cistern or tank before being distributed to the building.
- Combination System: Combines direct and indirect supply, often using a cistern for additional storage.
Direct vs Indirect Water Supply
- Direct Water Supply: Water is delivered directly from the public main.
- Indirect Water Supply: Water is stored in a cistern or tank before use.
Overhead Feed System
- Advantages:*
- Unaffected by peak loads as water is stored in a tank.
- Water supply is unaffected by power interruptions.
- Reduced maintenance cost as the pumping unit is not constantly running.
- Disadvantages:*
- Water in the tank is exposed to the elements and can be contaminated.
- Requires a strong foundation to support the heavy tank.
- Many parts require regular maintenance.
- Occupies valuable space.
Air Pressure Distribution System
- Advantages:*
- Compact pumping unit with limited space requirements.
- More sanitary as the water is contained in an air-tight chamber.
- Compressed air provides a purifying effect on the water.
- Smaller pipe diameters can be used, saving cost.
- Fewer parts, reducing initial and maintenance costs.
- Suitable for small to large buildings.
- Can serve multiple floors in tall buildings.
- Disadvantages:*
- Loss of pressure and water supply during power failure.
- Requires a stand-by generator during power outages.
Direct Up-feed Pumping System
- Advantages:*
- Suitable for tall buildings.
- Pumps can regulate water flow based on demand.
- Pressure control reduces maintenance costs.
- Eliminates the need for a large water tank.
- Disadvantages:*
- Reliant on electricity for operation, requiring a stand-by generator.
Hot Water Supply System
- Storage Type: Water is heated and stored in a tank for later use.
- Instantaneous Type: Water is heated on demand.
- Boiler System: Uses a boiler to heat water.
- Electric: Uses electric heating elements to heat water.
- Gas-Fired: Uses gas to heat water.
- Multi-Point: Multiple heating points are used to provide hot water to different locations in the building.
- Single-Point: A single heating point provides hot water to the entire building.
Direct vs Indirect Hot Water Supply System
- Directly supplied heater:*
- Constant flow rate required to maintain temperature difference.
- Pressure fluctuations affect outlet temperatures.
- Not suitable for showers due to temperature and pressure variations.
- Indirectly supplied heater:*
- High initial installation cost.
- More stable temperature control due to constant pressure from storage.
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Description
Explore the essentials of water supply systems including public distribution and household supply mechanisms. Learn about the importance of adequate supply, pressure, and prevention of contamination. This quiz will test your knowledge on the provisions necessary for effective water distribution.
