Water Quality and Supply Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between urban and rural water requirements?

Urban areas need more water because of sewer systems. (correct)

Rural areas primarily use groundwater sources.

Urban areas require more water due to higher population density.

Rural areas have a more efficient water use.

Which type of well has a design that helps prevent contamination?

Sanitary well (correct)

Deep tubewell

Natural well

Kutcha well

What is considered an ideal turbidity level for water?

15 nephelometric units

5 true color units (correct)

<1 nephelometric unit

<10 true color units

Which of the following parameters is used to measure water hardness?

meq/l of calcium carbonate Signup and view all the answers

What type of water supply system operates continuously without interruptions?

Continuous supply Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is known to resist regular chlorination levels?

Giardia Signup and view all the answers

What type of well is characterized by having no brick lining?

Kutcha well Signup and view all the answers

What is a method of treating temporary hardness in water?

Soda Ash Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal concentration range for fluoride in drinking water?

0.5 - 0.8 mg/lit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is appropriate for collecting a clean catch specimen of water?

Winchester bottle Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum permissible limit of chlorides in water?

< 600 mg/lit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of slow sand filters?

Operates without the influence of pressure/gravity Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the McCartney chart utilize for measuring coliform bacteria?

Visualized by color change and gas production Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical permissible limit for total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water?

< 500/600 mg/lit Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions would Clostridia perfringens be expected to be present?

In distant contamination scenarios Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sodium zeolite is true regarding its chemical formula?

$Na_2 Al_2 Si_2 O_8 .H_2 O$ Signup and view all the answers

Which class of organisms is characterized by having a head, thorax, and abdomen?

Insecta Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a mechanical mode of transmission?

Pathogens on the footpad of flies Signup and view all the answers

Which genus belongs to the Anophilline family?

Anopheles Signup and view all the answers

In which mode of transmission does an organism undergo a change in shape, size, or developmental stage?

Cyclo-developmental transmission Signup and view all the answers

How many legs do organisms in the Insecta class typically have?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measurement?

To assess oxygen consumption for aerobic digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about suspended solids is correct?

Moderate suspended solids range from 100-500 mg/L Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment process involves anaerobic digestion for sludge?

Sludge digester Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of a sanitary latrine with a water seal?

Prevents rodent entry Signup and view all the answers

How often should a septic tank typically be cleaned?

Every 4-5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Indore method in waste disposal?

It is an aerobic method Signup and view all the answers

In which type of latrine is direct defecation into the septic tank utilized?

Aqua privy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods retains sewage for 2-3 months to enhance its value as manure?

Oxidation ponds Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the Swajaldhara scheme?

To provide safe clean drinking water to everyone Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum size requirement for a door in housing guidelines?

30-32 inches x 80 inches Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'pucca' housing?

Cemented roofs Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal space per person in housing conditions?

1000 ft³/person Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is not used to measure light?

Decibel Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum daylight factor for a kitchen according to the guidelines?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal frequency range for sound measured in Hertz?

20-20,000 Hz Signup and view all the answers

What defines good cross ventilation in a building?

Doors and windows on opposite walls Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urban vs. Rural Water Requirements

Urban areas require significantly more water compared to rural areas due to higher population density and diverse water uses, including industrial activities.

Well Design and Contamination Prevention

Gravel-packed wells are designed to prevent contamination by using gravel surrounding the well screen to filter out pollutants.

Ideal Turbidity Level

1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) is considered the ideal turbidity level for water, indicating clear and safe water.

Water Hardness Measurement

Calcium and magnesium content are used to measure water hardness.

Continuous Water Supply System

Gravity-fed systems operate continuously without interruptions, relying on elevated storage tanks for water pressure.

Pathogen Resistant to Chlorination

Cryptosporidium parvum is a pathogen known to resist regular chlorination levels, highlighting the need for advanced treatment methods.

Unlined Well

Dug wells are characterized by having no brick lining, making them susceptible to contamination.

Temporary Hardness Treatment

Boiling is a method of treating temporary hardness in water by converting calcium bicarbonate into insoluble calcium carbonate.

Ideal Fluoride Concentration

0.7 to 1.2 mg/L is the ideal concentration range for fluoride in drinking water to prevent tooth decay.

Clean Catch Water Sample Collection

Using a sterile container and avoiding contact with the faucet ensures a clean catch specimen of water for analysis.

Maximum Permissible Chloride Limit

250 mg/L is the maximum permissible limit of chlorides in water, as high levels can affect taste and corrosivity.

Slow Sand Filter Characteristics

Low flow rate, biological filtration, and high removal efficiency of bacteria and viruses are characteristics of slow sand filters.

McCartney Chart Principle

The McCartney chart utilizes the most probable number (MPN) principle for measuring coliform bacteria in water samples.

Typical TDS Limit

500 mg/L is the typical permissible limit for total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water, exceeding this limit can affect taste and health.

Clostridia Perfringens Presence

Presence of Clostridia perfringens indicates fecal contamination, especially in environments with low oxygen levels.

Sodium Zeolite Chemical Formula

Na2Al2Si2O8 is the chemical formula for sodium zeolite, highlighting its composition of sodium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen.

Class with Head, Thorax, and Abdomen

Insects are characterized by having a head, thorax, and abdomen, distinguishing them from other arthropod classes.

Mechanical Transmission Example

Airborne transmission of pathogens through droplets is an example of a mechanical mode of transmission.

Anophilline Family Genus

Anopheles is the genus that belongs to the Anophilline family, known for transmitting malaria.

Transmission with Shape Change

Metamorphosis is the mode of transmission where an organism undergoes a change in shape, size, or developmental stage during its lifecycle.

Typical Insect Leg Count

Six legs are typically present in organisms belonging to the Insecta class.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Purpose

Measuring the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in degrading organic matter is the primary purpose of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measurement.

Suspended Solids Statement

Suspended Solids (SS) are particles that remain suspended in water and can affect water clarity and treatment efficiency.

Anaerobic Digestion for Sludge

Anaerobic digestion is the treatment process involving the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, commonly applied to sludge treatment.

Water Seal in Latrine

A water seal prevents the entry of flies and gases by creating a barrier of water in the latrine's outlet pipe.

Septic Tank Cleaning Frequency

Every 3 to 5 years is the typical frequency for cleaning a septic tank, depending on usage and local conditions.

Indore Method Characteristic

Composting of organic waste with human excreta is the primary characteristic of the Indore method in waste disposal.

Direct Defecation into Septic Tank

Pour-flush latrines utilize direct defecation into the septic tank, offering a simple and efficient system.

Sewage Retention for Manure Enhancement

Biogas digesters retain sewage for 2-3 months to enhance its value as manure through anaerobic digestion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the differences in water requirements between urban and rural areas. This quiz covers various water quality parameters, ideal turbidity levels, and types of water supply systems. Enhance your understanding of water resource management.