Water Quality Analysis Quiz

Renal colic = Acute toxicity Hyperuricemia and gout = Alters uric acid excretion Lead encephalopathy = Direct effect on CNS Delayed development and learning disabilities = Permanent consequences

Inhalation of lead particles = Generated by burning materials containing lead Ingestion of lead-contaminated dust, water, and food = From lead-glazed or lead-soldered containers Lead exposure from hand-to-mouth behavior = Method of exposure through behavior Lead exposure from using leaded aviation fuel = Generated during certain activities like smelting and recycling

Lead occurs in organic and inorganic forms = Nature of lead occurrence Lead absorption is higher in children than in adults = Comparison of absorption rates Lead poisoning is the most important chronic environmental illness affecting children = Impact on children's health No organ system in children is immune to the effects of lead poisoning = Extent of organ system impact in children

<p>Inhalation of lead particles = May cause renal colic Altered uric acid excretion = Results in hyperuricemia and gout Direct effect on CNS = Causes lead encephalopathy especially in children Delayed or reversed development = Results in permanent learning disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is a good solvent = Substances that dissolve in water, e.g., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases – especially oxygen, carbon dioxide (carbonation) are known as hydrophilic (water-loving) substances, while those that do not mix well with water (e.g., fats and oils), are known as hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances. Boiling point of water is dependent on barometric pressure = (On the top of Mt. Everest water boils at 68 °C, compared to 100°C at sea level) Water vapor is essentially invisible as a gas = The intrinsic color of water and ice is a very slight blue hue, although both appear colorless in small quantities. Maximum density of water occurs at 3.98 °C = It has the anomalous property of becoming less dense, not more, when it is cooled down to its solid form, ice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic substances = Substances that dissolve in water, e.g., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases – especially oxygen, carbon dioxide (carbonation) Hydrophobic substances = Substances that do not mix well with water, e.g., fats and oils Dihydrogen monoxide = Scientific name for water Water vapor = The gaseous form of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water remains liquid at high temperatures near geothermal vents = Conversely, water deep in the ocean near geothermal vents can reach temperatures of hundreds of degrees and remain liquid. Water and ice appear colorless in small quantities = The intrinsic color of water and ice is a very slight blue hue, although both appear colorless in small quantities. The anomalous property of water becoming less dense when cooled to its solid form = It has the anomalous property of becoming less dense, not more, when it is cooled down to its solid form, ice. Water is essential for most plant and animal life = A clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid essential for most plant and animal life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure = Water is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Water boils at 68 °C on the top of Mt. Everest = On the top of Mt. Everest water boils at 68 °C, compared to 100°C at sea level. Water is often referred to as the universal solvent = Water is a good solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent. The maximum density of water occurs at 3.98 °C = The maximum density of water occurs at 3.98 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total dissolved solids (TDS) = Used to classify water as freshwater (5000 mg/L TDS) Turbidity = Measures the extent of light absorption or scattering by suspended material in water Water color = Can be affected by various sources such as organic debris, iron oxides, manganese oxides, and industrial wastes Taste and odor = Can be caused by a range of substances, including minerals, metals, salts, and organic substances from biological decomposition and petroleum-based products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filterable residues = Relate closely to dissolved solids Nonfilterable residues = Relate closely to suspended solids Fixed solids = Important concept in the measurement of suspended solids Volatile solids = Important concept in the measurement of dissolved solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inorganic material (clay, silt, etc.) = Source of suspended solids in water Organic material (plant fibers, algal cells) = Source of suspended solids in water Domestic and industrial wastewater = Source of suspended solids in water Groundwater = Typically has very low turbidity due to natural filtration as it penetrates through the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aesthetic displeasure = Caused by turbidity Interference with light penetration and photosynthetic reactions = Caused by turbidity Provide adsorption media for heavy metals and hazardous organic pollutants = Caused by turbidity Enhance the taste and odor of water = Not a direct quantitative measure of suspended solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aesthetically displeasing = Effect of suspended solids in water Provide adsorption sites for chemical and biological agents = Effect of suspended solids in water Important in water quality assessment = Effect of suspended solids in water Enhance the taste and odor of water = Not a direct quantitative measure of suspended solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total solids, total suspended solids, and dissolved solids = Crucial for water quality assessment Filterable and nonfilterable residues = Relate closely to dissolved and suspended solids, respectively Fixed solids and volatile solids = Important concepts in the measurement of suspended and dissolved solids Turbidity = Not a direct quantitative measure of suspended solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh water, with over 90% of it located in Antarctica. = Distribution of Earth's fresh water Water expands by 9% in its solid state, causing ice to float on liquid water. = Expansion of water in its solid state Hydrology is the study of water and its movement within the hydrological cycle. = Definition of hydrology Evapotranspiration refers to the combined processes of evaporation and transpiration, where water is released to the atmosphere. = Explanation of evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation from oceans and land surfaces = Stage in the hydrological cycle Condensation and precipitation = Stage in the hydrological cycle Water flow into streams and lakes = Stage in the hydrological cycle Water exists naturally on Earth in three forms: liquid, gas, and solid. = Explanation of water forms on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groundwater found in aquifers and the zone of saturation = Description of groundwater Surface water supplies fluctuate widely and are easily degraded by pollution = Description of surface water supplies Water quality affected by impurities acquired throughout the hydrologic cycle and human activities = Impact on water quality Water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about 2 weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere in a 100-year period = Water molecule's time distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hot water weighs more than cold water = Comparison of hot and cold water weights Mauna Kea, not Mount Everest, is the tallest mountain on Earth when measured from the ocean floor to its summit = Identification of tallest mountain on Earth Water quality classified as potable, palatable, contaminated, or infected = Classification of water quality Water expands by 9% in its solid state, causing ice to float on liquid water = Impact of water expansion on ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature = Affects fish and dissolved oxygen levels Electrical conductivity = Measures water's ability to conduct electrical currents pH = Affects the taste, chlorine disinfection, and oxygen levels in water Alkalinity = Affects water taste, pipe fouling, and buffering activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidity = Influences corrosion, chemical reactions, and biological activities Hardness = Caused by magnesium and calcium ions pH = The negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration Alkalinity = Measures the water's ability to neutralize acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary hardness = Due to carbonates and bicarbonates Permanent hardness = Mainly caused by sulfates and chlorides Groundwater = Generally harder than surface water Total hardness = The sum of temporary and permanent hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affects biological species and chemical reactions = Temperature Influences taste, effectiveness of chlorine disinfection = pH Influences corrosion, chemical reactions = Acidity Affects water taste, pipe fouling = Alkalinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical conductivity = Determining alkalinity's mg/L of CaCO3 pH = Titration of water with an acid to determine hydrogen equivalent Acidity = Measurement using titration Hardness = Caused by magnesium and calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkalinity = Mineral substances, phosphates, sulfides, and ammonia Hardness = Mainly from soil and rock contact, particularly limestone deposits Acidity = Due to carbon dioxide, mineral acids, and hydrolyzed salts Electrical conductivity = Indicating more contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soap lathering problem and scaling in pipes and boilers due to Mg2+ hardness in water = Measurement of Ca2+ and Mg2+ using spectrophotometric techniques and chemical titration with EDTA Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water after filtration and evaporation, including organic and inorganic sources = Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water Fluoride levels in water and their impact on dental health and bone fluorosis = Measurement of Ca2+ and Mg2+ using spectrophotometric techniques and chemical titration with EDTA Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ca, Mg, Na, K, chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates = Sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) Common constituents of TDS: Ca, Mg, Na, K, chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates = TDS levels indicating water salinity: fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L), brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L), sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lead = Nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Mercury = Nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Cadmium = Nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Arsenic = Nervous system breakdown and kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium = Sources and impacts of non-toxic metals in water Iron = Sources and impacts of non-toxic metals in water Manganese = Sources and impacts of non-toxic metals in water Copper = Sources and impacts of non-toxic metals in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Livestock = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications Crops = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications Various applications = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications = Fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measurement of Ca2+ and Mg2+ using spectrophotometric techniques and chemical titration with EDTA = Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water Toxicity of heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, and their effects on the body = Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water = Measurement of Ca2+ and Mg2+ using spectrophotometric techniques and chemical titration with EDTA Fluoride levels in water and their impact on dental health and bone fluorosis = Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soap lathering problem and scaling in pipes and boilers due to Mg2+ hardness in water = Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals = Soap lathering problem and scaling in pipes and boilers due to Mg2+ hardness in water Measurement methods for iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in water = Soap lathering problem and scaling in pipes and boilers due to Mg2+ hardness in water Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water after filtration and evaporation, including organic and inorganic sources = Soap lathering problem and scaling in pipes and boilers due to Mg2+ hardness in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ca, Mg, Na, K, chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates = Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water after filtration and evaporation, including organic and inorganic sources Common constituents of TDS: Ca, Mg, Na, K, chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates = Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water after filtration and evaporation, including organic and inorganic sources Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water after filtration and evaporation, including organic and inorganic sources = Common constituents of TDS: Ca, Mg, Na, K, chlorides, sulfates, bicarbonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluoride levels in water and their impact on dental health and bone fluorosis = Effects of toxic heavy metals on the body, including nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals = Effects of toxic heavy metals on the body, including nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Toxicity of heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, and their effects on the body = Effects of toxic heavy metals on the body, including nervous system breakdown and kidney damage Effects of toxic heavy metals on the body, including nervous system breakdown and kidney damage = Fluoride levels in water and their impact on dental health and bone fluorosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L) = TDS levels indicating water salinity: fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L), brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L), sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) Brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L) = TDS levels indicating water salinity: fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L), brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L), sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) Sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) = TDS levels indicating water salinity: fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L), brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L), sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) TDS levels indicating water salinity: fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L), brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L), sea water (30,000 to 34,000 mg/L) = Fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications = Crops Fresh water (&lt;1500 mg/L) = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications Brackish water (up to 5000 mg/L) = Maximum TDS limits for livestock and crops for various applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lead = Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals Mercury = Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals Cadmium = Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals Arsenic = Solubility of metals in water, accumulation in the body, and health hazards of toxic heavy metals</p> Signup and view all the answers