Water Properties and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond exists between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a single water molecule?

  • Covalent bonds (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Metallic bonds

    • How many water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with a single water molecule?

  • Four (correct)
  • Two
  • Three
  • One

    • What property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

  • Thermal conductivity
  • Solubility
  • Cohesion (correct)
  • Adhesion

    • What role does water play in maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

    <p>It acts as a solvent for chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of water contributes to its ability to moderate temperature?

    <p>High specific heat capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding water's solvent properties?

    <p>Water can dissolve ionic and polar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles of water is performed in the human circulatory system?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interactions occur between water molecules themselves?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the removal of a water molecule to join unit molecules together?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unusual property of liquid water prevents ice from sinking?

    <p>It expands when it freezes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a polymer?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ice contribute to the survival of aquatic life during winter?

    <p>By insulating the water beneath it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the building blocks that make up larger molecules?

    <p>Monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cohesion play in water movement in plants?

    <p>It helps water molecules stick to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surface tension in water primarily related to?

    <p>The cohesion of water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term indicates the presence of carbon as a central component in life compounds?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy requirement for the process of dehydration synthesis?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water allows animals to run on its surface without breaking it?

    <p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Catalyze biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adhesion benefit the function of blood vessels in the human body?

    <p>By helping water stick to the vessel walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important function does water perform in the human body related to substances?

    <p>It dissolves many substances for transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'lysis' in hydrolysis mean?

    <p>To break apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of light penetration in bodies of water for organisms?

    <p>It allows organisms to perform photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of pure water before any acid is added?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH of a solution when hydrochloric acid is added?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pH of a solution decreases from 6 to 4, how much does the hydrogen ion concentration increase?

    <p>100 times greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining a pH of about 7.4 crucial for blood?

    <p>It is necessary for oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents rapid changes in pH in biological systems?

    <p>Buffers present in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many other atoms can carbon bond with to become stable?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are representations of chemical bonds called when depicted as lines between atomic symbols?

    <p>Lewis structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is commonly included in the structure of proteins besides carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structure of all proteins formed from?

    <p>Long chains of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'R group' in amino acids refer to?

    <p>A variety of other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the bonding of amino acids together with the release of water?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two amino acids link together?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a tripeptide, how many peptide bonds are present?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of protein that is produced?

    <p>The order and combination of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'polypeptide' refer to?

    <p>Many amino acids joined by peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Properties

    • Water is less dense as a solid (ice) than a liquid, allowing aquatic life to survive under frozen surfaces.
    • Light penetrates water well, vital for photosynthetic organisms.
    • Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive, allowing for moist surfaces and efficient gas diffusion.
    • Cohesion helps with water transport in plants, while adhesion assists in blood vessel function.

    Water in the Human Body

    • Water dissolves substances like nutrients and waste products for transportation.
    • It helps regulate body temperature.
    • Water acts as a lubricant in joints and the esophagus, easing movement.
    • It is essential for hydrolytic reactions in the body.

    Water Structure

    • Water molecules have a bent shape with a partially positive hydrogen end and a partially negative oxygen end.
    • Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.

    Water as a Solvent

    • Water's polarity makes it a good solvent, dissolving many substances, especially polar molecules.

    pH and Water

    • A neutral solution has a pH of 7.
    • Acids increase hydrogen ion concentration, lowering the pH.
    • Bases decrease hydrogen ion concentration, raising the pH.
    • Buffers help maintain stable pH in biological systems.
    • pH balance is vital for biological systems, as extreme pH levels can disrupt essential processes.

    Carbon-Based Life Molecules

    • Carbon is the fundamental element of life, forming covalent bonds with other non-metals.
    • Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
    • Carbon can bond with up to 4 other atoms, forming chains or rings.
    • Carbon rings and chains form the building blocks for life molecules.
    • Major classes of carbon-containing life molecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

    Proteins

    • Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, with sulfur often present.
    • They are long chains of amino acids called polypeptides.
    • There are 21 different amino acids, each with a unique radical group,
    • Amino acids join through dehydration synthesis, releasing water molecules and forming peptide bonds.
    • The order and combination of amino acids determine the protein's structure and function.

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    Related Documents

    Anatomy and Physiology 12 Unit 1 Learning Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the unique properties of water, including its density, cohesion, and adhesion. It covers the essential role of water in the human body, its molecular structure, and its function as a solvent. Test your understanding of how water influences both aquatic life and bodily functions.

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